河南典型城市寺庙灰尘重金属健康风险及来源解析

朱铭; 王佩珺; 吴梦怡; 吴姗珍; 刘雨凡; 魏亚飞; 刘德新

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230731

河南典型城市寺庙灰尘重金属健康风险及来源解析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230731

朱铭^1,,
王佩珺¹,
吴梦怡¹,
吴姗珍¹,
刘雨凡¹,
魏亚飞^{1, 2},
刘德新^{1, 2, ,}

1.
河南大学地理与环境学院
2.
黄河中下游数字地理技术教育部重点实验室，河南大学

基金项目: 中国博士后科学基金项目(2019M652520)；河南省科技攻关项目(232102320107)

详细信息

作者简介:
朱铭（2002—），男，主要从事环境地球化学研究，zhumingjyz@163.com

通讯作者:
刘德新(1989—)，男，副教授，主要从事环境地球化学研究，dxliu@vip.henu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X53；X820.4
计量
- 文章访问数: 61
- HTML全文浏览量: 36
- PDF下载量: 11
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-11
- 录用日期: 2024-04-02
- 修回日期: 2024-01-10

Heavy metal health risks and source analysis of temple dust in typical cities of Henan Province

ZHU Ming^1
,,
WANG Peijun¹,
WU Mengyi¹,
WU Shanzhen¹,
LIU Yufan¹,
WEI Yafei^{1, 2},
LIU Dexin^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University
2.
Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Ministry of Education, Henan University

摘要

摘要:
以新乡市贾湾泰山庙为研究对象，测定并分析寺庙地表灰尘中8种重金属元素（Hg、As、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb）浓度，进行健康风险评估与重金属污染源解析。结果表明：寺庙地表灰尘中除As外的7种重金属元素存在空间变异情况，浓度超过豫境平原南区土壤环境背景值。各采集点位Cu浓度土壤背景值超标率达91.03%，Ni平均浓度超标率达151.1%。地表灰尘重金属对儿童与成人的潜在致癌、非致癌风险均低于标准值，Cr和Pb为主要非致癌因子。地表灰尘中重金属对儿童健康风险高于成人，手—口摄入为主要的接触途径。重金属健康风险指数随距炉心梯度的增加先增后减，最高值普遍位于20 m梯度处。正定矩阵因子分析表明，地表灰尘中Hg和Pb主要来自建筑油漆污染，Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn主要来自寺庙燃香污染，Cd和As主要来自农业种植和畜牧活动。寺庙燃香污染源作为主要污染贡献源占比达40.96%，农业畜牧污染源占比达37.40%，寺庙建筑污染源占比达21.64%。
- 寺庙 /
- 重金属污染 /
- 健康风险 /
- 源解析 /
- 正定矩阵因子分析(PMF)
Abstract:
The study focuses on Tai Shan Temple in Jiawan, Xinxiang City, investigating the concentrations of eight heavy metal elements (Hg, As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in surface dust and conducting health risk assessment and source apportionment of heavy metal pollution. Results reveal spatial variability in the concentrations of seven heavy metal elements (excluding As) in temple surface dust, exceeding the soil environmental background values of the southern Yu Plain. The exceedance rate of Cu concentrations over soil background values at each sampling point reaches 91.03%, with Ni showing an average exceedance rate of 151.1%. Potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks posed by heavy metals in surface dust to children and adults were found to be below standard values, with Cr and Pb identified as the primary non-carcinogenic factors. Children were found to face higher health risks from heavy metals in surface dust compared to adults, primarily through the hand-to-mouth ingestion pathway. The health risk index of heavy metals exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease with increasing distance from the furnace core, with peak values generally observed at a gradient of 20 meters. Matrix factor analysis indicated that Hg and Pb in surface dust mainly originated from architectural paint pollution, while Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn primarily originated from temple incense pollution, and Cd and As were predominantly sourced from agricultural and livestock activities. Temple incense pollution contributed significantly to the pollution sources, accounting for 40.96%, followed by agricultural and livestock pollution at 37.40%, and temple construction pollution at 21.64%.
- temples /
- heavy metal pollution /
- health risk /
- source analysis /
- positive matrix factorization (PMF)

HTML全文

图 1 研究区概况及采样点布设

Figure 1. Overview of the study area and layout of sampling points

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图 2 不同人群不同重金属非致癌健康风险指数

Figure 2. Hazard quotient (HQ) of different people for different heavy metals

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图 3 手—口摄入途径的日均暴露量

Figure 3. Daily average exposure of hand-oral ingestion

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图 4 呼吸摄入途径的日均暴露量

Figure 4. Daily average exposure of inhalation

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图 5 皮肤接触途径的日均暴露量

Figure 5. Daily average exposure of dermal contact

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图 6 地表灰尘重金属相关性分析

注：**表示在0.01水平显著；*表示在0.05水平显著。

Figure 6. Correlation analysis of heavy metals in surface dust

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图 7 基于正矩阵分解模型的重金属污染源分布及贡献

Figure 7. Distribution and contribution of heavy metal pollution sources based on PMF model

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表 1 暴露参数的取值

Table 1. Value of exposure parameters

参数	物理意义	取值		数据来源
参数	物理意义	儿童	成人	数据来源
EF/（d/a）	暴露频率	350	350	文献[25]
ED/a	暴露年限	6	24	文献[25]
AT/d	平均暴露时间	ED×365		文献[26]
AT_ca/d	平均暴露时间	70×365		文献[26]
BW/kg	平均体重	15.9	56.8	文献[25]
R_ing/(mg/d)	摄食灰尘速率	200	100	文献[25]
R_inh/(m³/d)	呼吸速率	7.5	14.5	文献[25]
PEF/(m³/kg)	颗粒物排放因子	1.36×10⁹		文献[26]
SL/〔mg/(cm²∙d)〕	皮肤黏着度	0.2	0.07	文献[25]
SA/cm²	暴露皮肤面积	1150	2145	文献[25]
ABS	皮肤吸收因子	0.001		文献[27]

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表 2 重金属不同暴露途径的参考剂量值（RfD）与致癌斜率因子值（SF）

Table 2. Reference dose (RfD) and carcer slope factor (SF) of different exposure routes of heavy metals

重金属	RfD_ing/ 〔mg/(kg∙d)〕	RfD_inh/ 〔mg/(kg∙d)〕	RfD_derm/ 〔mg/(kg∙d)〕	SF_inh/ 〔(kg∙d)/mg〕
Pb	3.50$ \times $10⁻³	3.52$ \times $10⁻³	5.25$ \times $10⁻⁴
Cd	1.00$ \times $10⁻³	1.00$ \times $10⁻³	1.00$ \times $10⁻⁵	6.3
Cr	3.00$ \times $10⁻³	2.86$ \times $10⁻⁵	6.00$ \times $10⁻⁵	42
Zn	0.3	0.3	0.06
Cu	4.00$ \times $10⁻²	4.02$ \times $10⁻²	1.20$ \times $10⁻²

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表 3 地表灰尘重金属浓度描述性统计特征

Table 3. Descriptive statistical characteristics of heavy metal concentration in surface dust of the study area

重金属	浓度/(mg/kg)					CV/%	豫境平原南区土壤背景值^[33]/（mg/kg）	GB/T 15618—1995中土壤二级标准值^[32]/（mg/kg）
重金属	最大值	最小值	中值	算数平均值	标准差	CV/%	豫境平原南区土壤背景值^[33]/（mg/kg）	GB/T 15618—1995中土壤二级标准值^[32]/（mg/kg）
Hg	3.30	0.27	0.58	0.70	0.63	90.87	0.066	≤1
As	2.22	0.80	1.69	1.57	0.45	28.56	4.11	≤25
Cr	262.56	87.95	129.37	149.88	50.14	33.45	56.72	≤350
Ni	179.55	18.22	52.14	68.67	46.51	67.73	24.03	≤60
Cu	59.40	19.08	34.66	38.21	10.78	28.22	23.31	≤100
Zn	283.57	102.45	145.83	152.46	41.89	27.48	59.21	≤300
Cd	0.90	0.28	0.53	0.55	0.16	29.07	0.130	≤0.60
Pb	60.03	16.80	24.43	27.73	11.55	41.65	20.97	≤350

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表 4 不同梯度的非致癌健康风险

Table 4. Hazard quotient (HQ) with different gradients

人群	梯度范围/m	Cr	Cu	Zn	Cd	Pb	HI
儿童	0	1.37×10⁻¹	1.99×10⁻³	1.21×10⁻³	1.38×10⁻³	5.09×10⁻²	1.92×10⁻¹
	5	1.58×10⁻¹	3.15×10⁻³	1.53×10⁻³	1.92×10⁻³	2.43×10⁻²	1.89×10⁻¹
	10	1.72×10⁻¹	3.07×10⁻³	1.60×10⁻³	1.97×10⁻³	2.02×10⁻²	1.99×10⁻¹
	20	1.42×10⁻¹	2.78×10⁻³	1.44×10⁻³	1.70×10⁻³	2.68×10⁻²	1.75×10⁻¹
	50	1.83×10⁻¹	2.25×10⁻³	1.34×10⁻³	1.46×10⁻³	1.73×10⁻²	2.05×10⁻¹
	100	9.69×10⁻²	3.29×10⁻³	2.86×10⁻³	1.60×10⁻³	1.77×10⁻²	1.22×10⁻¹
成人	0	7.98×10⁻²	1.11×10⁻³	6.81×10⁻⁴	8.27×10⁻⁴	2.86×10⁻²	1.11×10⁻¹
	5	9.22×10⁻²	1.77×10⁻³	8.58×10⁻⁴	1.15×10⁻³	1.37×10⁻²	1.10×10⁻¹
	10	1.01×10⁻¹	1.72×10⁻³	8.97×10⁻⁴	1.18×10⁻³	1.14×10⁻²	1.16×10⁻¹
	20	8.32×10⁻²	1.56×10⁻³	8.09×10⁻⁴	1.02×10⁻³	1.51×10⁻²	1.02×10⁻¹
	50	1.07×10⁻¹	1.27×10⁻³	7.51×10⁻⁴	8.76×10⁻⁴	9.72×10⁻³	1.20×10⁻¹
	100	5.66×10⁻²	1.85×10⁻³	1.61×10⁻³	9.58×10⁻⁴	9.95×10⁻³	7.10×10⁻²

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表 5 重金属不同梯度的致癌健康风险

Table 5. Carcinogenic health risks of heavy metals with different gradients

重金属	梯度范围/m
重金属	0	5	10	20	50	100
Cd	7.65$ \times $10⁻¹¹	1.07$ \times $10⁻¹⁰	1.09$ \times $10⁻¹⁰	9.43$ \times $10⁻¹¹	8.10$ \times $10⁻¹¹	8.86$ \times $10⁻¹¹
Cr	1.56$ \times $10⁻⁷	1.81$ \times $10⁻⁷	1.97$ \times $10⁻⁷	1.63$ \times $10⁻⁷	2.10$ \times $10⁻⁷	1.11$ \times $10⁻⁷
R_total	1.56$ \times $10⁻⁷	1.81$ \times $10⁻⁷	1.98$ \times $10⁻⁷	1.63$ \times $10⁻⁷	2.10$ \times $10⁻⁷	1.11$ \times $10⁻⁷

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