危险废物鉴别采样技术要点解析

郝雅琼; 黄泽春; 杨玉飞; 傅海辉

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230736

危险废物鉴别采样技术要点解析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230736

环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室，生态环境部危险废物鉴别与风险控制重点实验室，中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 国家环境保护危险废物鉴别与风险控制重点实验室开放基金

详细信息

作者简介:
郝雅琼（1978—），女，副研究员，博士，主要从事危险废物污染控制技术研究与属性鉴别，hao.yaqiong@craes.org.cn

通讯作者:
傅海辉（1986—），女，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事固体废物管理及风险管控研究，fu_haihui123@126.com

中图分类号: X705
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-12
- 录用日期: 2024-01-17
- 修回日期: 2024-01-15

Analysis of key points of hazardous waste identification sampling technology

China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
我国危险废物产生源和种类非常复杂，产生量巨大且持续增长，规范化环境管理和污染防治面临较大压力。危险废物鉴别是识别固体废物危险特性和确定危险废物环境管理对象的重要技术手段和关键依据。根据危险废物鉴别经验以及发布的危险废物鉴别报告复核工作简报发现，部分鉴别单位在危险废物鉴别过程中，由于对HJ 298—2019《危险废物鉴别技术规范》中采样技术要求未充分掌握，采样不规范，致使危险废物鉴别结论依据不充分甚至错误。因此，对确定生产工艺过程中产生废水处理污泥采样对象、堆存状态固体废物采样对象、平行线固体废物份样数、连续产生固体废物采样时间和频次、间歇产生固体废物采样时间和频次、生产工艺过程产生固体废物的采样方法等采样技术要求进行解析，同时给出了常见的错误采样方式，以期为危险废物鉴别过程中样品采集提供借鉴。
- 危险废物 /
- 鉴别 /
- 采样 /
- 技术要求 /
- 环境管理
Abstract:
The sources and types of hazardous waste generated in China are very complex, the production of hazardous waste is enormous and continues to grow, and thus standardized environmental management and pollution prevention of hazardous waste face enormous pressure. Hazardous waste identification is an important technical means and key basis for identifying the hazardous characteristics of solid waste and determining the environmental management objects of hazardous waste. Based on the authors' experience in hazardous waste identification and the review work briefing of the published hazardous waste identification reports, it was found that some identification institutions did not fully grasp the sampling technical requirements in Technical Specifications on Identification for Hazardous Waste (HJ 298-2019) during the hazardous waste identification process, and the sampling was not standardized, resulting in inadequate or even incorrect conclusions for hazardous waste identification. Therefore, the sampling technical requirements for determining the sampling objects of wastewater treatment sludge generated in the production process, the sampling objects of solid waste in the storage state, the number of parallel line solid waste samples, the sampling time and frequency of continuous solid waste generation, the sampling time and frequency of intermittent solid waste generation, and the sampling methods of solid waste generated in the production process were analyzed. At the same time, common incorrect sampling methods were provided, so as to provide reference for sampling in the identification process of hazardous waste.
- hazardous waste /
- identification /
- sampling /
- technical requirements /
- environmental management

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图 1 我国工业源危险废物的产生情况

注：数据来源于《中国生态环境统计年报》。

Figure 1. Annual generation of industrial hazardous waste in China

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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