云南省九湖流域低污染水总量、类型及利用现状分析

邹凯波; 杨智; 彭菲; 戍国标; 肖复晋; 李锐

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230739

云南省九湖流域低污染水总量、类型及利用现状分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230739

邹凯波^1,,
杨智^2, ,,
彭菲¹,
戍国标¹,
肖复晋²,
李锐¹

1.
云南省水利水电勘测设计院有限公司
2.
云南省水利水电勘测设计研究院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFC3000205-06）；云南省科技计划项目（202303AC100020）

详细信息

作者简介:
邹凯波（1994—），男，助理工程师，硕士，主要从事水资源利用与水污染防治研究，zou_kaibo@163.com

通讯作者:
杨智（1985—），女，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事水资源利用与水污染防治研究，yangzhi188108@126.com

中图分类号: X524
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-13
- 录用日期: 2024-01-31
- 修回日期: 2023-11-01

Analysis of total amount, types and utilization status of low-polluted water in the Nine Plateau Lake Basins of Yunnan Province

ZOU Kaibo^1
,,
YANG Zhi^{2
, ,},
PENG Fei¹,
SHU Guobiao¹,
XIAO Fujin²,
LI Rui¹

1.
Yunnan Water Resources and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd.
2.
Yunnan Water Resources and Hydropower Survey, Design and Research Institute

摘要

摘要:
为有效推进云南省九湖流域低污染水资源化利用，基于九湖流域2021年的城镇污水处理厂、气象和农业灌溉相关数据，分别从城镇污水处理厂尾水和农田径流排水水量2个方面计算九湖流域2021年低污染水总量，并结合实际调查对其利用现状进行分析。结果表明：1）九湖流域内产生的低污染水总量为150 736.07万m³，其中城镇污水处理厂尾水水量为82 544.14万m³，农田径流排水水量为68 191.93万m³。2）九湖流域低污染水回用总量为46 279.44万m³，回用率为30.70%。城镇污水处理厂尾水回用率为54.46%，其中滇池流域回用率最高，其尾水主要用于景观用水，其次是农业灌溉和城市杂用；农田径流排水回用率为1.94%，主要是通过建有调蓄带的洱海、抚仙湖、杞麓湖、星云湖等流域实现回用，其中星云湖流域农田径流排水回用量最高。3）九湖流域低污染水回用还有很大空间，不同湖泊流域可根据产业结构及发展定位设立不同的低污染水回用目标，加强对农田径流排水的水质监测；根据不同时期农田径流排水水质，科学合理确定农田径流排水用途和去向，充分利用调蓄带的拦蓄储存净化功能，加强污水处理厂尾水、农田退水、初期雨水之间的综合利用。建议在九湖流域内选择典型地区开展低污染水利用配置试点工作，通过试点示范总结成功经验，形成可复制、可推广的低污染水资源化利用模式，促进流域内低污染水资源回用。
- 云南省九湖 /
- 低污染水 /
- 资源化利用 /
- 回用率 /
- 农业灌溉
Abstract:
In order to effectively promote the utilization of low-polluted water in the Nine Plateau Lake Basins in Yunnan Province, based on the data of urban sewage treatment plants, meteorology, and agricultural irrigation in the lake basins in 2021, the total amount of low-polluted water in the lake basins in 2021 was calculated from two aspects, i.e. the tail water of urban sewage treatment plants and the drainage volume of farmland runoff. The current utilization situation was analyzed based on actual investigations. The results showed that: 1) In 2021, the total amount of low-polluted water generated in the Nine Plateau Lake Basins was 1 507.360 7 million m³, of which the tail water from urban sewage treatment plants was 825.441 4 million m³, and the drainage volume of farmland runoff was 681.91 93 million m³. 2) The total amount of low-polluted water reused in the Nine Plateau Lake Basins was 462.794 4 million m³, with a reuse rate of 30.70%. The water reuse rate of urban sewage treatment plants was 54.46%, with the highest reuse rate in Dianchi Lake Basin, mainly used for landscape water, followed by agricultural irrigation and urban miscellaneous use. The reuse rate of farmland runoff drainage was 1.94%, mainly achieved through the construction of regulation and storage belts in basins such as Erhai Lake, Fuxian Lake, Qilu Lake, and Xingyun Lake. Among them, Xingyun Lake Basin had the highest amount of farmland runoff drainage reuse. 3) There was still a lot of utilized space for the reuse of low-polluted water in the lake basins. Different goals for low-polluted water reuse could be set based on industrial structure and development positioning in different lake basins, and water quality monitoring of farmland runoff drainage should be strengthened. According to the water quality concentration of farmland runoff drainage in different periods, the purpose and destination of farmland runoff drainage should be determined scientifically and reasonably, the storage and purification function of the regulation and storage belts be fully utilized, and the comprehensive utilization among the tail water of sewage treatment plant, farmland retreat water and initial rainwater be strengthened. It was recommended to select typical areas within the Nine Plateau Lake Basins to carry out pilot projects for the allocation of low-polluted water. Through pilot demonstrations, successful experiences could be summarized, and a replicable and promotable low-polluted water utilization model be formed to promote the reuse of low-polluted water in the basin.
- Nine Plateau Lakes in Yunnan Province /
- low-polluted water /
- resource utilization /
- reuse rate /
- agricultural irrigation

HTML全文

图 1 云南省九湖流域分布示意

Figure 1. Distribution of the Nine Plateau Lake Basins in Yunnan Province

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表 1 九湖流域片区划分及农田径流排水量计算时部分参数选取

Table 1. Partition of the Nine Plateau Lake Basins and selection of some parameters for calculating runoff drainage in farmland

湖泊	片区	区域范围	2021年降水量/mm	降雨汇水面积/km²
滇池	东部片区	呈贡区	1 026.7	221.68
	南部片区	晋宁区	870.3	219.23
	北部片区	西山、五华、盘龙、官渡区	1 026.7	341.94
洱海	东部片区	海东、挖色、双廊镇	638.2	67.17
	南部片区	凤仪镇、满江街道	638.2	34.76
	西部片区	喜洲、湾桥、银桥、大理镇，太和街道	638.2	185.53
	北部片区	上关、邓川、右所、凤羽、茈碧湖、三营镇，牛街乡	564.7	409.10
抚仙湖	北部片区	龙街、凤麓街道，九村、右所、海口镇	791.8	64.47
抚仙湖	南部片区	江城、路居、雄关、青龙镇	791.8	12.88
程海	程海镇	程海镇	624.6	46.26
泸沽湖	永宁镇	永宁镇	976.5	3.95
杞麓湖	东部片区	杨广镇	938.7	27.37
	南部片区	秀山街道	938.7	23.05
	西部片区	河西镇、兴蒙乡、九龙街道	938.7	65.41
	北部片区	四街镇、纳古镇	938.7	35.96
星云湖	北部片区	江城镇、安化彝族乡	871.1	36.06
	西部片区	前卫镇	871.1	24.65
	南部片区	大街街道，九溪、路居镇，雄关乡	871.1	37.77
阳宗海	南部片区	阳宗镇	793.2	16.27
	西部片区	七甸街道	793.2	7.28
	北部片区	汤池街道	799.4	15.30
异龙湖	东部片区	坝心镇、异龙镇	945.5	95.65
异龙湖	西部片区	宝秀镇	1 088.3	20.58

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表 2 2021年九湖流域污水处理厂尾水水量及回用情况

Table 2. Tail water volume and reuse in the Nine Plateau Lake Basins sewage treatment plants in 2021

湖泊	污水处理设施数量/座	设计规模/ （万m³/d）	2021年尾水水量/万m³	回用水量/ 万m³	回用率/%	尾水去向/万m³
湖泊	污水处理设施数量/座	设计规模/ （万m³/d）	2021年尾水水量/万m³	回用水量/ 万m³	回用率/%	城市杂用	景观用水	农业灌溉	未利用	其他
滇池	27	231.00	72 393.01	44 171.66	61.02	0	44 171.66	0	28 221.35	0
洱海	18	22.30	6 485.75	625.70	9.65	200.37	127.60	297.73	5 860.05	0
抚仙湖	5	4.15	989.15	127.75	12.92	36.50	36.50	54.75	843.15	18.25
程海^1）	22		29.43	29.43	100	0	0	29.43	0	0
泸沽湖	2	0.80	135.00	0	0	0	0	0	135.00	0
杞麓湖	2	2.00	376.32	0	0	0	0	0	376.32	0
星云湖	3	3.00	807.34	0	0	0	0	0	807.34	0
阳宗海	2	2.00	594.95	0.02	0	0.02	0	0	594.93	0
异龙湖	3	2.50	733.19	0.72	0.10	0	0.12	0.60	732.47	0
合计	84	267.75	82 544.14	44 955.28	54.46	236.89	44 335.88	382.51	37 570.61	18.25
1）程海流域统计数据来源于22座污水处理站，其余湖泊均为已建污水处理厂。

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表 3 2021年九湖流域农田径流排水量及回用情况

Table 3. Total amount and reuse of farmland runoff drainage in the Nine Plateau Lake Basins in 2021

湖泊	降雨期农田产流量/万m³	农田灌溉退水量/万m³	农田径流排水
湖泊	降雨期农田产流量/万m³	农田灌溉退水量/万m³	总量/万m³	回用量/万m³	回用率/%
滇池	30 778.82	2 212.92	31 170.09	0	0.00
洱海	15 737.37	3 054.25	17 431.42	230.81	1.32
抚仙湖	2 449.67	242.53	2 504.67	187.04	7.47
程海	1 155.83	444.86	1 467.70	0	0.00
泸沽湖	154.19	0	154.19	0	0.00
杞麓湖	5 699.17	1 210.22	5 900.15	61.21	1.04
星云湖	3 431.48	589.17	3 524.39	845.1	23.98
阳宗海	1 236.47	255.66	1 492.13	0	0.00
异龙湖	4 523.35	379.23	4 547.19	0	0.00
合计	65 166.35	8 388.84	68 191.93	1 324.16	1.94

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表 4 2021年九湖流域低污染水总量及回用情况

Table 4. Total amount and reuse of low-polluted water in the Nine Plateau Lake Basins in 2021

湖泊	低污染水量/万m³			回用量/ 万m³	回用率/%
湖泊	污水处理厂尾水	农田径流排水	合计	回用量/ 万m³	回用率/%
滇池	72 393.01	31 170.09	103 563.10	44 171.66	42.65
洱海	6 485.75	17 431.42	23 917.17	856.51	3.58
抚仙湖	989.15	2 504.67	3 493.82	314.79	9.01
程海	29.43	1 467.70	1 497.13	29.43	1.97
泸沽湖	135.00	154.19	289.19	0	0.00
杞麓湖	376.32	5 900.15	6 276.47	61.21	0.98
星云湖	807.34	3 524.39	4 331.73	845.10	19.51
阳宗海	594.95	1 492.13	2 087.08	0.02	0.00
异龙湖	733.19	4 547.19	5 280.38	0.72	0.01
合计	82 544.14	68 191.93	150 736.07	46 279.44	30.70

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