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冬春季生态沟渠对农田径流污染物的净化效果分析

张迎颖 闻学政 宋雪飞 王岩 姜智绘 刘海琴 张志勇

张迎颖,闻学政,宋雪飞,等.冬春季生态沟渠对农田径流污染物的净化效果分析[J].环境工程技术学报,2024,14(3):897-906 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230784
引用本文: 张迎颖,闻学政,宋雪飞,等.冬春季生态沟渠对农田径流污染物的净化效果分析[J].环境工程技术学报,2024,14(3):897-906 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230784
ZHANG Y Y,WEN X Z,SONG X F,et al.Analysis of purification efficiency of pollutants in farmland runoff by the ecological ditch in winter and spring[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2024,14(3):897-906 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230784
Citation: ZHANG Y Y,WEN X Z,SONG X F,et al.Analysis of purification efficiency of pollutants in farmland runoff by the ecological ditch in winter and spring[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2024,14(3):897-906 doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230784

冬春季生态沟渠对农田径流污染物的净化效果分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230784
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700805-02);江苏省重点研发计划项目(D21YFD17008);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目〔CX(19)1007〕;国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07202004-07)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    张迎颖(1980—),女,研究员,博士,主要从事农业面源污染沿程阻控与污染水体生态修复方面的研究,fly8006@163.com

    通讯作者:

    张志勇(1977—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事污染水体生态修复方面的研究,jaaszyzhang@126.com

  • 中图分类号: X52;X71

Analysis of purification efficiency of pollutants in farmland runoff by the ecological ditch in winter and spring

  • 摘要:

    为有效提高冬春季沟渠的净化效率,在原有土质沟渠中增设耐寒植物黑麦草浮毯与填料透水坝构建生态沟渠,分析生态沟渠对农田径流中主要污染物的削减率,对比沿程不同处理段对污染物的净化效果,估算植物吸收对于污染通量降低总量的贡献。结果显示:在冬春季节,生态沟渠对总氮(TN)、硝氮(${\mathrm{NO}}_ 3^-{\text{-}}{\mathrm{N}}$)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(COD)和悬浮物(SS)的总削减率均值分别为29.06%、54.93%、20.76%、54.08%和49.85%。透水坝段的TN和${\mathrm{NO}}_ 3^-{\text{-}}{\mathrm{N}}$沿程削减率最高;植物浮毯+透水坝段的TP和COD沿程削减率最高;植物浮毯段的SS沿程削减率最高,其对${\mathrm{NO}}_ 3^-{\text{-}}{\mathrm{N}}$、TP和COD也有较好的净化效果。在降水量达到10 mm以上的9 d内,TN和TP的污染通量降低总量分别为11.43和0.27 kg;黑麦草吸收的氮、磷量分别约占污染通量降低总量的20.6%和55.6%。大雪融化后气温降至0 ℃以下,可能引起土壤冻融作用,雪水径流中的氮、磷浓度显著升高,此时生态沟渠对径流中氮、磷的净化效果不明显,可利用周边河塘暂存雪水径流,后续结合生态措施对污染物实施强化处理。

     

  • 图  1  生态沟渠设置及采样点位分布示意

    Figure  1.  Setting of the ecological ditch and distribution of the sampling sites

    图  2  生态沟渠处理设施布置俯视图及透水坝布设断面

    注:图中数字单位为mm。

    Figure  2.  Vertical view of different treatments in the ecological ditch and sectional view of the permeable dam

    图  3  生态沟渠进出水口TN和${\mathrm{NO}}_ 3^-{\text{-}}{\mathrm{N}}$浓度变化及总削减率

    注:PR-U为PR段前端采样点,代表生态沟渠进水口;EP-D为EP段末端采样点,代表生态沟渠出水口;Rt为总削减率。全文同。

    Figure  3.  Variations of TN and ${\mathrm{NO}}_ 3^-{\text{-}}{\mathrm{N}}$ concentrations at inlet and outlet and total removal rates of the ecological ditch

    图  4  生态沟渠进出水口TP和$ \mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}\text{-}\mathrm{P} $浓度变化及总削减率

    Figure  4.  Variations of TP and ${\mathrm{PO}}_ 4^{3-}{\text{-}}{\mathrm{P}} $ concentrations at inlet and outlet and total removal rates of the ecological ditch

    图  5  生态沟渠进出口COD和SS浓度变化及总削减率

    Figure  5.  Variations of COD and SS concentrations at inlet and outlet and total removal rates of the ecological ditch

    表  1  试验期间天气、降水量、气温与沟渠内水温、pH及DO

    Table  1.   Weather, rainfall, air temperature and water temperature, pH and DO in the ecological ditch during the experiment

    采样时间(月-日)天气降水量/mm气温/℃水温/℃pHDO 浓度/(mg/L)
    PR段PD段EC段EP段PR段PD段EC段EP段
    01-27雨夹雪10.51~45.148.398.928.398.069.6710.4810.7511.05
    02-08雨夹雪1.02~56.948.318.268.198.0912.7612.5712.9113.66
    02-24多云0~1013.518.388.157.927.6812.1112.8213.6413.33
    03-02多云转晴6~1717.518.198.118.108.0711.3510.1411.9411.08
    03-17大雨40.86~913.707.037.267.257.1410.4310.5611.4410.73
    03-23小雨0.25~1416.638.548.258.238.1910.2111.4411.1611.38
    04-02多云转晴5~1721.208.208.548.608.4013.0212.8513.0912.44
    04-14多云转晴12~1819.108.678.508.658.2512.4911.3012.7911.20
    04-29中雨10.711~1518.398.058.137.677.437.797.348.635.95
      注:水温数据为沟渠所有采样点的均值,pH和DO浓度数据为沟渠各处理段3个采样点的均值。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  生态沟渠各处理段的污染物进水平均浓度与沿程削减率

    Table  2.   Inlet average concentrations and removal rates of major contaminants of different treatment segments in the ecological ditch

    处理段 TN ${\mathrm{NO}}_ 3^-{\text{-}}{\mathrm{N}}$ TP COD SS
    进水平均浓度/
    (mg/L)
    削减率/% 进水平均浓度/
    (mg/L)
    削减率/% 进水平均浓度/
    (mg/L)
    削减率 进水平均浓度/
    (mg/L)
    削减率/% 进水平均浓度/
    (mg/L)
    削减率/%
    PR段 9.63 7.06 3.44 17.96 1.45 0.00 31.35 4.38 38.53 15.99
    PD段 8.74 9.61 2.68 28.77 1.48 0.53 24.12 7.88 38.67 21.26
    EC段 7.70 3.83 1.81 23.16 1.46 1.43 25.59 19.62 27.67 34.27
    EP段 7.70 2.97 1.62 1.95 1.49 7.23 18.90 21.99 22.37 23.18
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  生态沟渠进出水口主要污染物的污染通量

    Table  3.   Pollutant flux of major contaminants at inlet and outlet of the ecological ditch kg/d

    采样点 TN ${\mathrm{NO}}_ 3^- $ TP ${\mathrm{PO}}_ 4^{3- }$ COD SS
    PR-U 5.69 2.03 0.85 0.02 18.52 22.77
    EP-D 4.42 0.94 0.82 0.01 8.92 10.15
    降低值 1.27 1.09 0.03 0.01 9.60 12.62
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  生态沟渠中植物吸收的氮、磷总量

    Table  4.   Amount of nitrogen and phosphorus absorbed by the plants in the ecological ditch

    处理段 单位面积
    鲜质量/(kg/m2
    单位面积
    干质量/(kg/m2
    干物质
    氮含量/%
    单位面积
    氮含量/(g/m2
    吸收氮总量/kg 干物质
    磷含量/%
    单位面积
    磷含量/(g/m2
    吸收磷总量/kg
    EC段5.25±0.120.953.42±0.2132.321.160.20±0.031.890.07
    EP段5.16±0.090.983.39±0.1133.241.200.22±0.052.160.08
    合计2.360.15
    下载: 导出CSV
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