新型除藻剂双十烷基甲基丙基碘化铵（DMPAI）除藻效果及对水生生物毒性效应研究

朱琦; 范振宇; 曾令全; 李春华; 叶春

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230804

新型除藻剂双十烷基甲基丙基碘化铵（DMPAI）除藻效果及对水生生物毒性效应研究

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230804

朱琦^{1, 2,},
范振宇^{1, 2},
曾令全^{1, 2},
李春华^{1, 2, ,},
叶春^{1, 2}

1.
湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室，中国环境科学研究院
2.
国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室，中国环境科学研究院

基金项目: 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（2023YSKY-44）

详细信息

作者简介:
朱琦（1993—），男，助理研究员，博士，主要研究方向为生态环境修复，zhuqihd1993@163.com

通讯作者:
李春华(1977—)，女，研究员，博士，主要从事湖泊生态修复技术研究，297535203@qq.com

中图分类号: X524
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-03
- 录用日期: 2024-02-29
- 修回日期: 2023-12-26

Studies on the algae removal effect and toxic effects of new algae removal agent didecyl methylpropyl ammonium iodide (DMPAI) on aquatic organisms

ZHU Qi^{1, 2
,},
FAN Zhenyu^{1, 2},
ZENG Lingquan^{1, 2},
LI Chunhua^{1, 2
, ,},
YE Chun^{1, 2}

1.
National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

摘要

摘要:
针对由富营养化引起的淡水湖泊水华问题，投加季铵盐类化合物作为除藻剂是一种有效的应急处置方法，但其用量和环境毒性受到广泛关注。为明确新型季铵盐类除藻剂双十烷基甲基丙基碘化铵（DMPAI）的有效使用浓度及安全性，测定了不同浓度下DMPAI对以水华微囊藻为主的浮游藻类、大型溞以及斑马鱼胚胎的毒性效应。结果表明，浓度为0.5~2 mg/L的DMPAI能够在24 h内降低水体中46.77%的叶绿素a，并且令微囊藻数量降至原本的34%；在该浓度水平下，不会影响大型溞的生存和繁殖，但会令大型溞生长迟缓；斑马鱼胚胎的死亡率与DMPAI浓度成正比，死亡率最大值为19.00%，并且出现提前孵化、心跳缓慢等现象，但不会显著影响幼鱼的体长变化。
- 季铵盐化合物 /
- 水华 /
- 大型溞 /
- 斑马鱼 /
- 毒性
Abstract:
Adding quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) as algal removal agents is an effective emergency response means for the problem of algal blooms caused by eutrophication,in freshwater lakes, and their dosage and environmental toxicity have received widespread attention. To clarify the effective concentration and safety of a new QAC algal removal agent, didecyl methylpropyl ammonium iodide (DMPAI), the toxic effects of it on planktonic algae, mainly Microcystis aeruginosa, Daphnia magna, and zebrafish embryos were determined at different concentrations. The results showed that DMPAI at the concentration of 0.5-2 mg/L could reduce 46.77% of the chlorophyll a in the water within 24 h, and reduce the number of Microcystis aeruginosa to 34% of its original level. At this concentration level, it did not affect the survival and reproduction of Daphnia magna, but retarded the growth of Daphnia magna, and the mortality rate of the zebrafish embryos was positively proportional to the concentration of DMPAI, with the maximum mortality rate of 19.00%. There were also the phenomena such as hatching in advance and heartbeat slowing, but it did not significantly affect the body length changes of juvenile fish.
- quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) /
- algal bloom /
- Daphnia magna /
- Danio rerio /
- toxicity

HTML全文

图 1 各处理中叶绿素a削减率及水华微囊藻的数量

Figure 1. Reduction rates of chlorophyll a in various treatments and quantity of Microcystis flos-aquae

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图 2 各处理中大型溞存活率

Figure 2. Survival rates of Daphnia magna in different treatments

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图 3 各处理中大型溞体长增长率

Figure 3. Growth rates of Daphnia magna length in different treatments

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图 4 各处理中斑马鱼胚胎死亡率

Figure 4. Mortality rates of zebrafish embryos in each treatment

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图 5 各处理中斑马鱼幼鱼体长

Figure 5. Length of Danio rerio juveniles in each treatment

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图 6 各处理中斑马鱼胚胎提前孵化率及心跳频率

Figure 6. The precocious hatching rate and heartbeat frequency of Danio rerio embryos in each treatment

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表 1 罗马湖浮游植物主要物种

Table 1. Major species of phytoplankton in Luoma Lake

属或种	拉丁文名称	门	数量/（万个/L）	生物量/（mg/L）
水华微囊藻	Microcystis flos-aquae	Cyanophyta	1 811.47	0.6070
颗粒直链藻	Aulacoseira granulata	Bacillariophyta	58.67	0.6425
小环藻	Cyclotella spp.	Bacillariophyta	44.00	2.7554
黄群藻	Synura sp.	Chrysophyta	29.34	0.2654
四尾栅藻	Scenedesmus quadricauda	Chlorophyta	29.36	0.0193
四角十字藻	Crucigenia quadrata	Chlorophyta	27.42	0.0301
小球藻	Chlorella vulgaris	Chlorophyta	117.34	0.1079
柯氏并联藻	Quadrigula chodatii	Chlorophyta	24.64	0.0268
布朗衣藻	Chlamydomonas braunii	Chlorophyta	51.34	2.8622
薄甲藻	Glenodinium sp.	Pyrrophyta	22.00	6.7290

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