南丹锑矿区不同工业场地植物群落特征

谭昭; 赵清英; 张泽民; 彭甜恬; 宋霓; 李文杰; 关潇

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230821

南丹锑矿区不同工业场地植物群落特征

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230821

谭昭^1,,
赵清英^{1, 2},
张泽民¹,
彭甜恬¹,
宋霓^{1, 2},
李文杰^{1, 3},
关潇^1, ,

1.
中国环境科学研究院生态研究所
2.
兰州大学
3.
郑州大学

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2020YFC1807704）

详细信息

作者简介:
谭昭（2000—），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为矿区生态修复，ONEpeace555@163.com

通讯作者:
关潇（1978—），女，高级工程师，主要从事生态修复评估研究，cynthia815@126.com

中图分类号: X176；Q948
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- 文章访问数: 52
- HTML全文浏览量: 29
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-13
- 录用日期: 2024-04-02
- 修回日期: 2024-01-07

Characteristics of plant communities in different industrial sites in Nandan Antimony Mining Area

TAN Zhao^1
,,
ZHAO Qingying^{1, 2},
ZHANG Zemin¹,
PENG Tiantian¹,
SONG Ni^{1, 2},
LI Wenjie^{1, 3},
GUAN Xiao^{1
, ,}

1.
Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
Lanzhou University
3.
Zhengzhou University

摘要

摘要:
研究锑矿区不同工业场地植被群落特征及其影响因素，对于锑矿区的生态恢复和植被重建具有重要意义。以南丹县五一锑矿各工业场地植物群落为研究对象，并选择锑矿区周边未被破坏的植物群落作为对照区，探究锑矿区不同工业场地（采矿区、冶炼区、尾矿区）植物群落物种组成与多样性及其与土壤因子的关系。结果显示：锑矿区各工业场地群落组成以菊科（Compositae）、禾本科（Poaceae）为主，2科植物在锑矿区工业场地内为群落建群种和优势种。对照区与各工业场地植物群落组成差异显著（P<0.05），冶炼区植物群落组成与采矿区和尾矿区差异显著（P<0.05）。各工业场地优势种的重要值及Margalef指数、Shannon指数均表现为对照区>采矿区>尾矿区>冶炼区（P<0.05），表明冶炼区群落复杂程度最低，群落结构最为简单，生态退化形势较为严重。矿区植物多样性与土壤含水率、pH及有机质、总钾、总氮含量呈正相关，与总磷含量、锑砷含量呈负相关，总锑、总砷和土壤含水率是影响锑矿各工业场地物种多样性的重要限制因子；重金属含量对尾矿区和采矿区植物群落多样性影响最强，土壤含水率对冶炼区影响最强。研究表明，工业场地植物物种数量下降，植被多样性指数降低，采矿等工业活动对矿区生态环境构成一定破坏和干扰，矿区植被恢复方案应考虑矿区场地类型和关键环境变量。
- 锑矿区 /
- 植物群落特征 /
- 工业场地 /
- 物种多样性 /
- 重金属
Abstract:
It is of great significance to study the characteristics of vegetation communities and their influencing factors in different industrial sites in antimony mining areas for ecological restoration and vegetation reconstruction. The plant communities of various industrial sites of Wuyi antimony mine in Nandan County were taken as the research object, and the undamaged plant communities around the antimony mining area were selected as the control area, to explore the species composition and diversity of plant communities in different industrial sites (mining area, smelting area and tailings area) in the antimony mining area and their relationship with soil factors. The results showed that the community composition of each industrial site of antimony ore was dominated by Compositae and Poaceae, and the two families of plants were the community-building species and dominant species in the industrial site of the antimony mining area. There were significant differences in plant community composition between the control area and each industrial site (P<0.05), and the plant community composition in the smelting area was significantly different from that in the mining area and tailings area (P<0.05). The important values of dominant species, Margalef index and Shannon index of each industrial site were shown as control area > mining area> tailings area > smelting area (P<0.05), indicating that the smelting area had the lowest community complexity and the simplest community structure, and the ecological degradation situation was more serious. Plant diversity in the mining area was positively correlated with organic matter, soil moisture content, pH, total potassium and total nitrogen content, and negatively correlated with total phosphorus, and antimony and arsenic concentrations. Total antimony, total arsenic and soil moisture content were important limiting factors affecting the species diversity of various industrial sites in antimony mines. Heavy metal concentration had the strongest effect on plant community diversity in tailings area and mining area, and soil moisture content had the strongest effect on smelting area. The results show that the number of plant species in industrial sites is decreasing, the vegetation diversity index is decreasing, and industrial activities such as mining have caused great damage and interference to the ecological environment of mining areas. The type of mining site and key environmental variables should be considered in the vegetation restoration plan for mining areas.
- antimony mining area /
- plant community characteristics /
- industrial site /
- species diversity /
- heavy metals

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图 1 研究区概况与采样点分布

Figure 1. Overview of the study area and distribution of sample points

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同工业场地乔灌草植物组成

Figure 2. Composition of trees, shrubs, and grasses in different industrial sites

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图 3 南丹锑矿区不同工业场地植物群落Beta多样性的NMDS排序

注：MDS1、MDS2表示2个排序轴；Stress表示NMDS的拟合精度，小于0.2表示具有较高的准确度。

Figure 3. NMDS of Beta diversity of plant communities in different industrial sites in Nandan antimony mining area

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图 4 南丹锑矿区不同工业场地物种多样性指数

注：不同字母表示具有显著性差异，相同字母表示无显著性差异。

Figure 4. Species diversity index of different industrial sites in Nandan antimony mining area

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图 5 不同工业场地土壤因子特性

注：CSb和CAs分别表示锑砷含量。

Figure 5. Soil factor characteristics of different industrial sites

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 锑矿区草本植物多样性与土壤环境因子的相关分析

注：R为Margalef指数，H为Shannon指数，J为Pielou指数，D为Simpson指数。

Figure 6. Correlation analysis between herbaceous plant diversity and soil environmental factors in antimony mining area

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图 7 草本植物多样性与土壤环境因子RDA排序

注：同图6。

Figure 7. RDA ranking of herbaceous plant diversity and soil environmental factors

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表 1 不同工业场地区域概况

Table 1. Overview of different industrial site areas

工业场地	经纬度	样地面积/m²	植被类型
采矿区	107°36′48″E， 24°49′53″N	15 630	以草本植物为主，常见植物为五节芒（Miscanthus floridulus）、鬼针草（Bidens pilosa）、葛（Pueraria lobata）
冶炼区	107°40′07″E，24°51′08″N	246 016	由人工种植的绿化乔灌和自然生长的草本植物组成，乔灌主要为高山榕（Ficus altissima）、羊蹄甲（Bauhinia purpurea）、夹竹桃（Nerium indicum）、鹅掌柴（Schefflera heptaphylla），草本植物主要为鬼针草、狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）
尾矿区	107°38′05″E，24°53′34″N	75 605	以草本为主，仅有山黄麻（Trema tomentosa）、盐麸木（Rhus chinensis var. chinensis）、马桑（Coriaria nepalensis）等少量乔灌木，主要草本为五节芒、凤尾蕨（Pteris cretica var. nervosa）、节节草（Equisetum ramosissimum）
对照区	107°37′57″E， 24°58′49″N		为自然植被，主要以枫香树（Liquidambar formosana）、苦楝（Melia azedarach）、盐麸木等乔木为主，草本多为蕨类植物

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表 2 不同工业场地各层次重要值排名前5的物种

Table 2. Top 5 species with important values at different levels in different industrial sites

分层	采矿区		冶炼区		尾矿区		对照区
分层	物种	IV	物种	IV	物种	IV	物种	IV
乔木层	盐麸木	100	高山榕	38.11	山黄麻	33.33	枫香树	36.83
			羊蹄甲	26.13	盐麸木	25.51	苦楝	13.06
			印度榕	22.84	泡桐	21.86	盐麸木	11.19
			柳杉	12.91	苦楝	19.29	栓皮栎	11.15
							山黄麻	10.48
灌木层	醉鱼草	50	夹竹桃	53.20	马桑	89.66	野蔷薇	27.49
	马桑	50	鹅掌柴	36.83	夹竹桃	10.34	鹅掌柴	23.67
			红花檵木	9.97			天竺桂	14.21
							山茶	12.51
							桂花	11.30
草本层	五节芒	28.72	鬼针草	53.28	五节芒	44.01	芒萁	15.81
	鬼针草	19.78	狗牙根	40.10	凤尾蕨	13.54	海金沙	13.39
	葛	11.63	五节芒	4.68	节节草	11.23	肾蕨	9.08
	小蓬草	6.21	钻叶紫菀	1.94	类芦	6.69	金星蕨	8.36
	薹草	5.18			粽叶芦	5.96	鳞毛蕨	8.26
注：植物物种对应的拉丁名为印度榕（Ficus elastica）、柳杉（Cryptomeria fortunei）、泡桐（Paulownia fortunei）、栓皮栎（Quercus variabilis）、醉鱼草（Buddleja lindleyana）、红花檵木（Loropetalum chinense f. rubrum）、野蔷薇（Rosa multiflora var. multiflora）、山茶（Camellia japonica）、桂花（Osmanthus fragrans）、天竺桂（Cinnamomum japonicum）、小蓬草（Conyza canadensis）、薹草（Carex Retz.）、钻叶紫菀（Aster subulatus）、类芦（Neyraudia reynaudiana）、粽叶芦（Thysanolaena agrostis）、芒萁（Dicranopteris dichotoma）、海金沙（Lygodium japonicum）、肾蕨（Nephrolepis auriculata）、金星蕨（Parathelypteris glanduligera）、鳞毛蕨（Dryopteris polylepis）。

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表 3 组间差异分析

Table 3. Analysis of differences between groups

样地类型	距离计算方式	R	P
采矿区/冶炼区	Bray-Curtis	0.41	0.025
采矿区/尾矿区	Bray-Curtis	0.17	0.127
采矿区/对照区	Bray-Curtis	0.96	0.041
冶炼区/尾矿区	Bray-Curtis	0.76	0.003
冶炼区/对照区	Bray-Curtis	0.94	0.032
尾矿区/对照区	Bray-Curtis	0.78	0.005
注：R可以反映组间与组内比较的差异程度，其取值为（−1，1）；R>0，说明组间差异大于组内差异，即组间差异显著；R<0，说明组内差异大于组间差异；R的绝对值越大表明相对差异越大。P越低表明这种差异检验结果越显著，一般以0.05为显著性水平界限。

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