安徽省涡阳矿区地表水中多环芳烃的分布特征、来源解析及生态风险评价

李寒; 郑刘根; 张燕海; 董祥林; 朱亦兴; 张梦云

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230913

安徽省涡阳矿区地表水中多环芳烃的分布特征、来源解析及生态风险评价

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20230913

1.
安徽省矿山生态修复工程实验室，安徽大学资源与环境工程学院
2.
淮北矿业（集团）有限责任公司通防地测部

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42072201）；安徽高校协同创新项目（GXXT-2021-017）

详细信息

作者简介:
李寒（1996—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事矿山污染物环境地球化学研究，18261305779@163.com

通讯作者:
郑刘根(1972—)，男，教授，主要从事矿山环境地球化学研究，lgzheng@ustc.edu.cn

中图分类号: X522
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-22
- 录用日期: 2024-04-02
- 修回日期: 2024-02-02

Distribution characteristics, source analysis and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface water of Guoyang Coal Mine Area, Anhui Province

1.
Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Restoration, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University
2.
Anti-piping and Measuring Department, Huaibei Mining (Group) Co., Ltd.

摘要

摘要:
为研究涡阳矿区地表水中多环芳烃（PAHs）的空间分布、来源和生态风险，采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术检测分析了研究区地表水中16种优控PAHs的浓度。结果表明：涡阳矿区地表水中∑PAHs浓度为93.59~1 701.77 ng/L，平均值为674.16 ng/L；单体PAHs浓度为nd~362.44 ng/L，单体PAHs中2环、3环和4环PAHs占比较高，6环PAHs占比较低；与国内其他地区地表水相比，研究区地表水中PAHs浓度处于中等偏高水平；空间分布上，研究区地表水中PAHs空间差异显著，距离矿区越近，PAHs浓度越高。特征比值法、正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF）和主成分分析（PCA）得到了相似的源解析结果，地表水中PAHs主要来自交通源、煤炭燃烧源和石油源。PCA得到的各污染源贡献率分别为煤炭燃烧源37.32%、交通源35.51%和石油源13.92%；PMF模型得到的各污染源贡献率分别为交通源42.66%、煤炭燃烧源30.85%和石油源26.49%。生态风险评价结果表明，BaA、BbF和BkF处于高风险水平，其余单体PAHs皆处于中等风险水平；22个采样点中，有6个采样点处于中等生态风险水平，其余采样点皆处于高风险水平。总体看来，涡阳矿区地表水整体生态风险处于中等偏高风险水平，对生物存在潜在危害，需加强生态风险防范。
- 地表水 /
- 多环芳烃（PAHs） /
- 空间分布 /
- 来源解析 /
- 生态风险评价
Abstract:
In order to study the spatial distribution, source and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water of Guoyang mining area, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to detect and analyze the concentration of 16 kinds of priority control PAHs in surface water of the study area. The results showed that the concentration range of ∑PAHs in the surface water of Guoyang mining area was 93.59-1 701.77 ng/L, with an average content of 674.16 ng/L. The concentration range of monomer PAHs was nd-362.44 ng/L. Among monomer PAHs, the proportion of 2-ring, 3-ring and 4-ring PAHs was relatively high, while that of 6-ring PAHs was relatively low. Compared with the surface water in other regions of China, the concentration of PAHs in the surface water of the research area was at a moderate to high level. In terms of spatial distribution, there was a significant difference in the concentration of PAHs in the surface water of the study area. The closer to the mining area, the higher the concentration of PAHs. The molecular diagnostic ratio (MDR), positive matrix factorization (PMF) and principal component analysis (PCA) methods obtained similar source apportionment results. The results showed that PAHs in surface water mainly came from transportation sources, coal combustion sources and petroleum sources. The contribution rates of each pollution source obtained from PCA were 37.32% for coal combustion sources, 35.51% for transportation sources and 13.92% for petroleum sources, respectively. The contribution rates of each pollution source obtained from PMF model were 42.66% for transportation sources, 30.85% for coal combustion sources, and 26.49% for petroleum sources, respectively. The ecological risk assessment results indicate that BaA, BbF and BkF are at a high risk level, while the remaining monomer PAHs are at a moderate risk level. Among the 22 sampling points, only 6 are at the medium ecological risk level, and the rest are at the high ecological risk level. In general, the overall ecological risk of surface water in Guoyang mining area is at the medium to high risk level, which is potentially harmful to organisms, and ecological risk prevention needs to be strengthened.
- surface water /
- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) /
- spatial distribution /
- source analysis /
- ecological risk assessment

HTML全文

图 1 采样点位分布

Figure 1. Sampling point distribution map

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图 2 煤矿区地表水中PAHs的环数组成和占比

Figure 2. Ring number composition and proportion of PAHs in surface water of coal mining areas

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图 3 涡阳矿区各采样点PAHs浓度

Figure 3. PAHs concentrations at various sampling sites of Guoyang mining area

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图 4 涡阳矿区地表水体中PAHs来源诊断

Figure 4. Source diagnosis of PAHs in surface water of Guoyang mining area

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图 5 PMF源成分谱图

Figure 5. PMF source composition spectrum

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图 6 22个采样点ΣPAHs的生态风险熵值

Figure 6. Ecological risk quotient values of ∑PAHs of 22 sampling points

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表 1 PAHs的特征比值和来源

Table 1. Characteristic ratios and sources of PAHs

PAHs	比值范围	来源类型
FLA/（FLA+PYR）^[13]	≤0.5	石油源
FLA/（FLA+PYR）^[13]	>0.5	煤炭燃烧源
ANT/（PHE+ANT）^[13]	≤0.1	石油源
ANT/（PHE+ANT）^[13]	>0.1	燃烧源
BaA/（BaA+CHR）^[14]	≤0.2	石油源
	0.2~0.35	混合源
	>0.35	燃烧源
InP/（InP+BgP）^[14]	≤0.5	石油燃烧源
InP/（InP+BgP）^[14]	>0.5	煤炭燃烧源

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表 2 单体PAHs的NCs及MPCs参数值

Table 2. NCs and MPCs parameter values of monomer PAHs

PAHs	最低风险标准值（ng/L）	最高风险标准值（ng/L）
NAP	12	1 200
ACY	0.7	70
ACE	0.7	70
FLU	0.7	70
PHE	3	300
ANT	0.7	70
FLA	3	300
PYR	0.7	70
BaA	0.1	10
CHR	3.4	340
BbF	0.1	10
BkF	0.4	40
BaP	0.5	50
InP	0.4	40
DBA	0.5	50
BgP	0.3	30

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表 3 涡阳矿区地表水中PAHs检出情况

Table 3. Detection of PAHs in surface water of Guoyang mining area

PAHs组分	PAHs质量浓度/（ng/L）				检出率/%
PAHs组分	最大值	最小值	平均值	标准偏差	检出率/%
NAP	362.44	nd	89.35	110.65	91.91
ACY	78.43	nd	28.90	22.83	95.45
ACE	114.79	1.19	44.88	37.33	100
FLU	93.86	2.96	37.83	31.41	100
PHE	161.00	4.95	74.71	51.77	100
ANT	125.22	5.80	49.90	38.65	100
FLA	90.23	1.07	36.71	26.29	100
PYR	132.31	2.02	47.65	39.65	100
BaA	135.16	nd	51.90	40.62	81.82
CHR	242.79	nd	59.28	38.57	90.91
BbF	75.53	nd	32.43	21.96	95.45
BkF	102.30	nd	42.38	34.06	90.91
BaP	65.78	nd	27.63	19.50	90.91
DBA	50.67	nd	19.79	14.18	90.91
InP	44.01	nd	17.38	15.35	86.36
BgP	51.70	nd	14.53	10.87	95.45
∑PAHs	1 701.77	93.59	674.16
注：nd表示未检出。

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表 4 国内不同地区地表水体中∑PAHs浓度对比

Table 4. Comparison of ∑PAHs concentration in the surface water in different regions of China

名称	最小值/ （ng/L）	最大值/ （ng/L）	平均值/ （ng/L）	数据来源
涡阳矿区地表水	93.59	1 701.77	674.16	本研究
大辽河	71.12	4 255.43	748.76	文献[20]
台湾盐河	485.00	10 210.00	2 292.00	文献[21]
黄河三角洲	50.00	4 050.00	590.00	文献[22]
深圳观澜河	121.80	8 371.70	3 271.18	文献[23]
吉林省东辽河	396.42	624.06	436.99	文献[24]
陕北矿区窟野河	50.06	278.16	128.22	文献[12]
广西鹤山煤田河流	199.45	1 350.84	426.98	文献[25]

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表 5 单体PAHs和∑PAHs风险水平分类

Table 5. Risk classification of monomer PAHs and ∑PAHs

PAHs组分	主成分
PAHs组分	1	2	3
NAP	0.898	0.143	0.259
ACY	0.504	0.529	0.485
ACE	0.477	0.676	0.843
FLU	0.732	0.444	0.148
PHE	0.390	0.740	0.299
ANT	0.534	0.694	0.326
FLA	0.773	0.561	0.211
PYR	0.875	0.372	0.214
BaA	0.768	0.423	0.219
CHR	0.651	0.608	−0.320
BbF	0.570	0.800	0.328
BkF	0.161	0.920	0.113
BaP	0.739	0.420	0.442
InP	0.415	0.670	0.545
DBA	0.482	0.765	0.232
BgP	0.180	0.198	0.298
方差贡献率/%	37.32	35.51	13.92
累计方差贡献率/%	37.32	72.83	86.75

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表 6 单体PAHs风险水平分类

Table 6. Risk classification of individual PAHs

风险等级	RQ_NCs	RQ_MPCs
无风险	0	<1
中等风险	≥1	<1
高风险		≥1

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表 7 ∑PAHs风险水平分类

Table 7. Risk classification of ∑PAHs

风险等级	RQ_{∑PAHs（NCs）}	RQ_{∑PAHs（MPCs）}
无风险	0	<1
低风险	1~800	<1
中等风险1	≥800	<1
中等风险2	<800	≥1
高风险	≥800	≥1

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表 8 煤矿区地表水中单体PAHs生态风险评价结果

Table 8. Ecological risk assessment results of monomer PAHs in surface water of coal mining areas

PAHs	RQ_NCs	RQ_MPCs	风险等级
NAP	7.45	0.07	中等风险
ACY	41.28	0.41	中等风险
ACE	64.11	0.64	中等风险
FLU	54.04	0.54	中等风险
PHE	24.90	0.25	中等风险
ANT	71.28	0.71	中等风险
FLA	12.24	0.12	中等风险
PYR	68.07	0.68	中等风险
BaA	519.04	5.19	高风险
CHR	17.44	0.17	中等风险
BbF	324.25	3.24	高风险
BkF	105.94	1.06	高风险
BaP	55.25	0.55	中等风险
InP	43.45	0.43	中等风险
DBA	39.59	0.40	中等风险
BgP	48.43	0.48	中等风险

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