基于VECTO软件的重型车CO<sub>2</sub>排放敏感性分析

种衍懿; 王燕军; 张鹤丰; 柯佳; 李凯

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20240112

基于VECTO软件的重型车CO₂排放敏感性分析

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20240112

种衍懿^{1, 2,},
王燕军^1, ,,
张鹤丰^1, ,,
柯佳¹,
李凯¹

1.
国家环境保护机动车污染控制与模拟重点实验室，中国环境科学研究院
2.
中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFB2602001）；移动源污染排放控制技术国家工程实验室开放基金项目（NELMS2019A19）

详细信息

作者简介:
种衍懿（1998—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事软件模拟研究，chongyanyi@126.com

通讯作者:
王燕军(1975—)，男，正高级工程师，主要从事移动源污染控制研究，wangyj@vecc.org.cn

张鹤丰(1979—)，男，研究员，主要从事移动源污染物排放特征研究，zhanghf@vecc.org.cn

中图分类号: X701
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-26
- 录用日期: 2024-05-20
- 修回日期: 2024-05-14

Sensitivity analysis of heavy vehicle CO₂ emission based on VECTO software

CHONG Yanyi^{1, 2
,},
WANG Yanjun^{1
, ,},
ZHANG Hefeng^{1
, ,},
KE Jia¹,
LI Kai¹

1.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
2.
Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China

摘要

摘要:
为了研究重型车特性参数对CO₂排放的影响，以中国厢式货车、不同运行工况下的欧洲C2级货车和欧洲城际客车为例，采用VECTO软件测算车辆的滚阻系数、风阻系数、轮胎动力学半径、附件最大总功率、主减速器和变速箱机械效率及转矩损失等参数对CO₂排放的影响，分析不同参数变化对CO₂排放测算结果变动的敏感性。结果表明，滚阻系数、风阻系数、附件总功率、主减速器和变速箱各挡位转矩损失参数变动幅度与车辆CO₂比排放变动幅度基本呈正线性相关，各参数20%的变动幅度最大将引起4.4%、7.2%、1.9%、1.2%和1.4%的CO₂比排放变动幅度；轮胎动力学半径变动幅度对CO₂的影响为非线性关系，负的轮胎动力学半径变动幅度引起的CO₂排放变动幅度要高于正的变动幅度，−20%的轮胎动力学半径变动幅度最大将引起7.1%左右的CO₂比排放变动幅度；主减速器和变速箱各挡位的机械效率变动幅度与CO₂比排放变动幅度呈负线性相关，−2.8%左右的机械效率偏差引起2.3%左右的CO₂比排放变动幅度。研究结果可为重型车节能降碳改进设计提供参考。
- 重型车辆 /
- VECTO软件 /
- CO₂排放 /
- 敏感性分析 /
- 特性参数
Abstract:
To study the influence of heavy-duty vehicle characteristic parameters on CO₂ emission, the effects of rolling resistance coefficient, wind resistance coefficient, tire dynamic radius, accessory maximum total power, mechanical efficiency and torque loss of main retarder and gearbox on CO₂ emissions were calculated by VECTO software, taking Chinese van, European C2 truck under different operating conditions and European intercity bus as examples. The sensitivity of different parameters to the variation of CO₂ emission was analyzed. The results showed that the variation range of parameters such as rolling resistance coefficient, wind resistance coefficient, total accessories power, and torque loss in each gear of main retarder and gearbox had a positive linear correlation with the variation range of vehicle CO₂ specific emission. The variation of 20% of each parameter would cause a maximum variation of 4.4%, 7.2%, 1.9%, 1.2% and 1.4% of CO₂ specific emissions, respectively. The influence of tire dynamic radius on CO₂ was nonlinear. The change range of CO₂ emission caused by negative tire dynamic radius variation was higher than that caused by positive tire dynamic radius variation; the −20% tire dynamic radius change range would cause about 7.1% change range of CO₂ specific emission. There was a negative linear correlation between the variation of mechanical efficiency of each gear of the main retarder and gearbox and the variation of CO₂ specific emission, and the variation of CO₂ emission caused by the mechanical efficiency deviation of −2.8% was about 2.3%. The research results can provide a reference for carrying out the design of the energy-saving and carbon-reducing improvement of heavy-duty vehicles.
- heavy-duty vehicles /
- VECTO software /
- CO₂ emission /
- sensitivity analysis /
- characteristic parameters

HTML全文

图 1 VECTO主程序示意

Figure 1. Main program scheme of VECTO

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 滚阻系数对CO₂比排放模拟的影响

Figure 2. Effect of rolling resistance coefficient on CO₂ specific emission simulation

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图 3 风阻系数对CO₂比排放模拟的影响

Figure 3. Effect of wind resistance coefficient on CO₂ specific emission simulation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 轮胎动力学半径对CO₂比排放的影响

Figure 4. Effect of tire dynamic radius on CO₂ specific emission

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图 5 机械效率对CO₂比排放的影响

Figure 5. Effect of mechanical efficiency on CO₂ specific emission

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图 6 主减速器和变速箱各挡位转矩损失对CO₂比排放的影响

Figure 6. Effect of torque loss in each gear of main retarder and gearbox on CO₂ specific emission

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 附件总功率对CO₂比排放的影响

Figure 7. Effect of accessory total power on CO₂ specific emission

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表 1 模拟所选车辆信息和4种模拟情形

Table 1. Vehicles information and four scenarios for simulation

车辆类型	模拟使用的整车质量/kg	允许的最大满载质量/kg	车轴配置	车轮总数	驱动轮数	发动机排量/L	发动机额定功率/kW	模拟使用驾驶循环
国产厢式货车	9 120	18 000	4$ \times $2	6	4	7.79	221	C-WTVC循环
欧洲C2级货车	4 670+3 020（负载）+1 900（挂车）	11 990	4$ \times $2	5	2	6.87	175	VECTO中自带Region循环
欧洲C2级货车	4 670+3 020（负载）+1 900（挂车）	11 990	4$ \times $2	5	2	6.87	175	VECTO中自带Urban循环
欧洲城际客车	14 800+5 170（负载）	25 000	6$ \times $2	8	4	7.70	250	VECTO中自带InterUrban循环

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 驾驶循环特征参数对比

Table 2. Comparison of driving cycle characteristic parameters

驾驶循环	运行时间/s	怠速时间/s	最高速度/ (km/h)	平均速度/ (km/h)
C-WTVC循环	1 800	186	87.8	40.997
Region循环	25 945	114	85.0	74.277
Urban循环	28 429	639	85.0	51.558
InterUrban循环	125 210.8	1 708.8	85.0	39.917

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 车辆特性参数初始设置

Table 3. Original vehicle characteristic parameters setup

车辆类型	滚阻系数	风阻系数/m²	轮胎动力学半径/mm	附件最大总功率/W	主减速器机械效率或功率损失	各挡位机械效率或转矩损失
国产厢式货车	0.005 5	5.200	507	5 000	0.977	0.977
欧洲C2级货车	0.006 5	4.830	421	3 540	功率损失MAP图	功率损失MAP图
欧洲城际客车	0.006 5	4.115	507	5 000	功率损失MAP图	功率损失MAP图

下载: 导出CSV

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