Effects of lignite dust on organic carbon mineralization and bacterial community in reclaimed soil in mining area
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摘要:
煤粉尘沉降至地表后能够显著提高土壤有机碳含量，改变土壤理化性质和土壤微生物群落结构。通过添加褐煤粉尘的土壤培养试验，探究煤粉尘输入的有机碳对土壤有机碳矿化效果及细菌群落的影响。结果表明：在褐煤粉尘影响下，土壤CO2矿化量和矿化速率较对照组最大提升55.02%和54.58%（第5天）；土壤易氧化有机碳和土壤微生物生物量碳含量在培养结束后较最大值分别降低40.75和141.39 mg/kg。添加褐煤粉尘导致变形菌门的相对丰度显著降低，而酸杆菌、放线杆菌和厚壁菌门的相对丰度升高。褐煤粉尘输入的有机组分能够在短期内产生激发效应，其自身被土壤细菌分解的过程也能促进土壤CO2的矿化累积，并且提高土壤细菌群落的多样性和变异程度。褐煤粉尘中的有机碳极大程度参与了土壤有机碳库周转过程。
Abstract:After coal dust sinks to the surface, it can significantly increase the content of soil organic carbon and change the soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial community structure. This article explored the mechanism of the effect of organic carbon input from coal dust on soil organic carbon mineralization and bacterial community structure through soil cultivation experiments with the addition of lignite dust. The results showed that under the influence of lignite dust, the amount and rate of CO2 mineralization in soil increased by 55.02% and 54.58% compared to the control group on day 5; the contents of readily oxidation carbon (ROC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in soil decreased by 40.75 and 141.39 mg/kg, respectively, compared to the maximum values after the end of cultivation. The addition of lignite led to a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, while the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes increased. The organic components input from lignite dust can produce stimulating effects in the short term. Its decomposition process by soil bacteria can also promote the accumulation of soil CO2 mineralization, increasing the diversity and variation of soil bacterial communities. The organic carbon in lignite dust greatly participates in the turnover process of soil organic carbon pool.
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图 2 培养周期内土壤CO2矿化量和矿化速率
注：数值为平均值±标准误差（n=3）；不同小写字母表示处理间在P<0.05水平差异显著。全文同。
Figure 2. Cumulative soil CO2 mineralization and mineralization rate during the culture cycle
图 3 培养周期内土壤ROC和MBC含量变化趋势
Figure 3. Variation trend of soil ROC content and soil MBC content during culture cycle
图 4 土壤有机碳官能团红外光谱图
Figure 4. Infrared spectra of functional groups of soil organic carbon
图 6 土壤有机碳组分与主要细菌群落（排名前10的优势菌门）之间冗余分析
Figure 6. Redundancy analysis between soil organic carbon components and major bacterial communities (Top 10 dominant bacterial phyla)
表 1 供试土壤基本理化性质
Table 1. Basic physical and chemical properties of tested soil
SOC含量/
（g/kg）AN含量/
（mg/kg）AP含量/
（mg/kg）AK含量/
（mg/kg）pH EC 3.49 18.03 4.94 91.77 8.35 116.4 注：SOC为土壤有机碳，AN为碱解氮，AP为有效磷，AK为速效钾。 
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表 2 褐煤的工业分析与元素分析
Table 2. Industrial analysis and elemental analysis of lignite
% 水分 灰分 挥发分 固定碳 C H O N S 13.99 19.72 43.13 23.16 70.47 4.85 23.22 1.15 0.3
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表 3 4个处理细菌群落α多样性指数
Table 3. Alpha diversity index of soil bacterial communities in four treatments
处理 Shannon指数 Chao1指数 Ace指数 Simpson指数 CK 5.94±0.06c 4 160±91.3bc 4 352±113.4b 0.015±0.0a HMA 6.30±0.01b 4 424±243.5b 4 480±181.7b 0.012±0.0ab HMB 6.44±0.09ab 5 004±148.6a 5 010±209.3a 0.016±0.0a HMC 6.52±0.03a 3 718±268.2c 3 661±197.7c 0.008±0.0b
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