优化施肥下种植绿肥对青花椒生产增效减排的影响

卢明; 王帅; 王洋; 李志琦; 罗博; 梁涛; 方林发; 赵敬坤; 王洁

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20240270

优化施肥下种植绿肥对青花椒生产增效减排的影响

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20240270

卢明^1,,
王帅¹,
王洋²,
李志琦²,
罗博²,
梁涛³,
方林发⁴,
赵敬坤^1, ,,
王洁⁴

1.
重庆市农业技术推广总站
2.
重庆市江津区农业技术推广中心
3.
重庆市农业科学院
4.
西南大学资源环境学院/长江经济带农业绿色发展研究中心

基金项目: 重庆市农业技术推广总站化肥定额施用配套技术集成示范重点项目

详细信息

作者简介:
卢明（1991—），男，博士，主要从事养分资源管理与化肥减量增效技术研究，xiaomeinv0324@163.com

通讯作者:
赵敬坤（1983—），男，高级农艺师，主要从事土壤肥料技术应用推广研究，155100901@qq.com

中图分类号: X82，S142
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-30

Effects of planting green manure on the production efficiency and environmental benefit of Zanthoxylum armatum v. novemfolius based on optimized fertilization

1.
Chongqing Agro-Tech Extension Station
2.
Chongqing Jiangjin Agro-Tech Extension Center
3.
Chongqing Academy of Agriculture Science
4.
College of Resources and Environment/Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in the Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University

摘要

摘要:
发展现代绿肥可有效引导我国农业绿色发展，探究优化施肥下种植绿肥对重庆青花椒高产高效、绿色低碳生产意义重大。2021—2022年在重庆市江津区开展田间试验，以九叶青花椒为试材，对比研究椒农常规管理和优化施肥下种植绿肥对青花椒产量、年生长干物质累积量及品质、绿肥生物量及养分累积量、椒园土壤化学性质、经济效益和生态效益的影响。结果表明：较常规管理，优化施肥下种植绿肥显著提高椒园土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量，种植光叶苕子、箭筈豌豆、白三叶和紫云英分别显著提高青花椒产量51.2%、17.3%、4.52%和4.03%，并可提高青花椒麻味物质浓度10.7%~24.6%、挥发性芳香油含量10.7%~22.7%，其中光叶苕子和箭筈豌豆处理下椒园实现增收3 871~21 968元/hm²；环境效应评价结果显示，种植绿肥明显降低椒园年生产周期活性氮损失13.8%（氮足迹17.0%~42.9%）和温室气体排放量12.7%（碳足迹16.2%~42.2%）。基于青花椒产量、品质综合效应、经济效益和生态效益等多指标综合分析，优化施肥下种植光叶苕子或箭筈豌豆是保障重庆青花椒优质高产高效、绿色低碳生产的适宜模式。
- 九叶青花椒 /
- 绿肥 /
- 优化施肥 /
- 高产优质 /
- 增效减排
Abstract:
The development of modern green manure is one of the effective approaches to guide the green development of agriculture in China. It is of great significance to explore the effect of planting green manure on the high yield, high efficiency, and green low-carbon production of Chinese prickly ash in Chongqing municipality based on optimized fertilization. Using Zanthoxylum armatum v. novemfolius as test material, a field experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2022 in Jiangjin County, Chongqing, to investigate and compare the effects of farmers' conventional management and planting green manure under optimized fertilization on the yield, net above-biomass accumulation and quality of Chinese prickly ash, aboveground biomass and nutrients accumulation of green manure, soil chemistry, and economic benefit and environmental costs of Chinese prickly ash. The results showed that compared with conventional planting management, the contents of soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus were significantly increased by planting green manure based on the optimized fertilization. Planting Vicia villosa Roth, Vicia sativa L., Trifolium dubium Sibth., Astragalus sinicus L. increased the yields of Chinese prickly ash by 51.2%, 17.3%, 4.52% and 4.03%; the concentrations of fruit numb-taste components and volatile aromatic oil were significantly increased by 10.7%-24.6% and 10.7%-22.7%, respectively. The net income increased by 3 871-21 968 yuan/hm² as affected by planting Vicia villosa Roth and Vicia sativa L. Environmental cost analysis showed that planting green manure based on the optimized fertilization could obviously reduce the active nitrogen loss and N footprint by 13.8% and 17.0%-42.9%, respectively, meanwhile reduce the greenhouse gas emission and C footprint by 12.7% and 16.2%-42.2%, respectively, in the annual production cycle of Chinese prickly ash. According to a comprehensive analysis of multiple indicators such as productivity, quality, economic and environmental benefits, planting green manure (such as Vicia villosa Roth and Vicia sativa L.) should be a suitable model to ensure high-quality, high yield, high efficiency, green and low-carbon production of Chinese prickly ash in Chongqing.
- Zanthoxylum armatum v. novemfolius /
- green manure /
- optimized fertilization /
- high yield and high quality /
- efficiency increase and emission reduction

HTML全文

图 1 优化施肥下种植绿肥对青花椒产量、年生长干物质累积量、绿肥生物量的影响

注：FP为常规管理，OPT为优化施肥，V. villosa为光叶苕子，V. sativa为箭筈豌豆，T. dubium为三叶草，A. sinicus为紫云英；不同小写字母表示相同土层不同施肥处理间差异在0.05水平显著。全文同。

Figure 1. Effects of planting green manure on fruit yield, net above-biomass accumulation of Chinese prickly ash, and aboveground biomass of green manure based on optimized fertilization

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图 2 优化施肥下种植绿肥对青花椒果实品质的影响

Figure 2. Effects of planting green manure on fruit qualities of Chinese prickly ash based on optimized fertilization

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图 3 优化施肥下种植绿肥对青花椒果实品质综合效应的影响

Figure 3. Comprehensive assessment of fruit qualities of Chinese prickly ash as affected by planting green manure based on the optimized fertilization

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图 4 优化施肥下种植绿肥对青花椒园单位面积活性氮损失和温室气体排放的影响

注：环境效应评价的系统边界包含农资生产运输过程（AMS-）和农作过程（AFS-）2个阶段。其中，AMS-N Fertilizer、AMS-P and K Fertilizer、AMS-Others分别表示由农资阶段氮肥、磷钾肥、其他投入项（如农药）造成的温室气体排放，AFS-Fertilizer、AFS-Others分别表示由农作阶段用肥及其他投入项（如油耗、电力及人工等）造成的温室气体排放。全文同。

Figure 4. Reactive nitrogen loss and GHG emission per hectare of Chinese prickly ash affected by planting green manure based on optimized fertilization

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图 5 优化施肥下种植绿肥对青花椒园单位产量活性氮损失和温室气体排放的影响

Figure 5. Reactive nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emission per metric ton of Chinese prickly ash as affected by planting green manure based on the optimized fertilization

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 化肥施用量信息

Table 1. Information details of fertilizer application amount

处理	化肥	秋基肥/ （kg/hm²）	越冬肥/ （kg/hm²）	壮果肥/ （kg/hm²）	总用量/ （kg/hm²）	养分比例
常规管理（FP）	N	132	78.8	67.5	278	1.00
	P₂O₅	48.0	52.5	22.5	123	0.44
	K₂O	60.0	78.8	90.0	229	0.82
优化施肥（OPT）	N	116	67.5	57.0	240	1.00
	P₂O₅	42.0	45.0	18.8	106	0.44
	K₂O	52.5	67.5	75.0	195	0.81

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表 2 优化施肥对不同绿肥地上部养分浓度及其累积量的影响

Table 2. Aboveground nutrients concentration and accumulation of green manure affected by optimized fertilization

绿肥种类	养分浓度/(g/kg)				养分累积量/(kg/hm²)
绿肥种类	碳	氮	磷	钾	碳	氮	磷	钾
V. villosa	427	31.5	8.14	18.8	2324	172	44.3	102.0
V. sativa	438	30.5	7.81	14.3	2288	159	40.8	74.7
T. dubium	437	35.9	7.87	30.8	635	52.1	11.4	44.8
A.sinicus	449	27.9	7.05	31.7	729	45.4	11.4	51.4

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表 3 优化施肥下种植绿肥对青花椒园土壤常规化学性质的影响

Table 3. Conventional soil chemistries of Chinese prickly ash affected by planting green manure based on optimized fertilization

处理	pH	有机质/ （g/kg）	碱解氮/ （mg/kg）	有效磷/ （mg/kg）	速效钾/ （mg/kg）
FP	8.09 a	19.2 d	102 c	18.9 c	141 a
OPT+V. villosa	7.90 a	31.5 b	122 b	25.9 a	153 a
OPT+V. sativa	7.96 a	28.1 c	107 c	19.1 c	151 a
OPT+T. dubium	8.14 a	33.0 a	123 b	22.9 b	155 a
OPT+A. sinicus	8.07 a	33.2 a	133 a	26.7 a	143 a

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表 4 青花椒植株养分累积量及果实品质与椒园土壤化学性质的相关关系

Table 4. Pearson correlation analysis between shoot nutrients accumulation, fruit qualities and soil chemistries of Chinese prickly ash

项目	植株氮累积量	植株磷累积量	植株钾累积量	挥发性芳香油	麻味物质	醇溶抽提物	乙醚抽提物
pH	−0.828*	−0.743*	−0.779*	−0.795*	−0.683	−0.746*	−0.535
有机质	0.153	0.406	0.412	0.658	0.571	0.213	0.478
碱解氮	−0.041	0.210	0.168	0.373	0.159	0.344	0.630
有效磷	0.213	0.416	0.358	0.469	0.145	0.609	0.776*
速效钾	0.569	0.691	0.730*	0.697	0.740*	−0.129	−0.159
注：*表示在 0.05 级别（双尾）相关性显著。

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表 5 优化施肥下种植绿肥对青花椒生产经济效益的影响

Table 5. Economic analysis of the effects of planting green manure on Chinese prickly ash production based on optimized fertilization

处理	投入/（元/hm²）						产出			产投比（ROI）
处理	肥料	农药	绿肥	机械	人工	总支出	产量/（t/hm²）	总收入/（元/hm²）	净收益/（元/hm²）	产投比（ROI）
FP	5 292	1 500	0	553	15 750	23 095	9.16	54 956	31 861	2.38
OPT+V. villosa	9 042	1 200	600	553	17 850	29 245	13.8	83 074	53 829	2.84
OPT+V. sativa	9 042	1 200	600	553	17 325	28 720	10.7	64 452	35 732	2.24
OPT+T. dubium	9 042	1 200	2 100	553	16 800	29 695	9.57	57 441	27 746	1.93
OPT+A. sinicus	9 042	1 200	1 575	553	16 800	29 170	9.53	57 170	28 000	1.96

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