Effects of nitrogen application and irrigation treatment on soil organic carbon components and enzyme activities in wheat field
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摘要:
探讨不同水氮管理对麦田土壤有机碳（SOC）含量、SOC组分及土壤酶活性的影响，对促进SOC库提升和助力“双碳”目标实现具有重要作用。试验设置雨养和灌溉2个灌水处理及3个施氮水平（分别为0、180和360 kg/hm2，记为N0、N180和N360），共6个处理。于小麦收获期，测定0~40 cm土层SOC、易氧有机碳（EOC）、颗粒有机碳（POC）和矿质结合有机碳（MOC）含量，以及土壤脲酶（UA）、β-葡萄糖苷酶（β -BG）、蔗糖酶（IA）、过氧化氢酶（HPA）活性。结果表明：与雨养条件下相比，灌溉条件下会降低SOC含量，不利于维持SOC的稳定；N180处理下，与灌溉条件下相比，雨养条件SOC含量在0~20和20~40 cm土层中分别提高了6.3%和71.7%；并且在3个氮水平下，雨养条件下的EOC含量均高于灌溉条件。研究显示，施氮180 kg/hm2结合适宜的水分管理有利于促进SOC积累。适宜农田水氮管理不仅是实现作物单产提升的重要途径，在促进SOC库提升和助力实现“双碳”目标方面也发挥着重要作用。
Abstract:Exploring the effects of different water and nitrogen management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC), SOC components, and soil enzyme activities in wheat fields plays an important role in promoting SOC sequestration and contributing to the achievement of dual carbon goals. The experiment included two irrigation treatments, rainfed and irrigated, and three nitrogen application levels of 0, 180, and 360 kg/hm2 (marked as N0, N180 and N360), totaling six treatments. During the wheat harvesting period, soil samples from 0-40 cm depth were collected to measure the contents of SOC, easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), particulate organiccarbon (POC), and mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC), as well as the activities of soil urease (UA), β-glucosidase (β-BG), invertase (IA), and catalase (HPA). The results showed that compared to rain-fed conditions, irrigation conditions reduced SOC content, which was unfavorable for maintaining SOC stability. Under N180 treatment, compared to irrigation conditions, SOC content under rain-fed conditions increased by 6.3% and 71.7% in the 0-20 and 20-40 cm layers, respectively. Furthermore, at three nitrogen levels, EOC content under rain-fed conditions was higher than that under irrigation conditions.The study showed that applying 180 kg/hm² of nitrogen combined with appropriate water management was beneficial for promoting SOC accumulation. Proper water and nitrogen management in farmland was not only crucial for increasing crop yields but also played an important role in enhancing SOC storage and helping achieve the "dual carbon" goals.
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Key words:
- water and nitrogen /
- soil organic carbon (SOC) /
- SOC components /
- soil enzyme activity /
- wheat field
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图 1 小麦生育期内降水量和平均气温
Figure 1. Rainfall and average temperature during wheat growth period
图 2 不同水氮处理土壤有机碳含量
注：不同字母表示同一灌水处理不同施氮水平间差异显著（P<0.05）。全文同。
Figure 2. Soil organic carbon content under different water and nitrogen treatments
图 3 不同水氮处理土壤易氧有机碳含量
Figure 3. Amount of easily oxidizable organic carbon in soil under different water and nitrogen treatments
图 4 不同水氮处理土壤颗粒有机碳含量
Figure 4. Soil POC content under different water and nitrogen treatments
图 5 不同水氮处理土壤矿质结合有机碳含量
Figure 5. Content of mineral-associated organic carbon in soil under different water and nitrogen treatments
图 6 不同水氮处理土壤有机碳组分和土壤酶活性间的相关性分析
注：BG表示β -BG；*表示P<0.05，**表示P<0.01。
Figure 6. Analysis of correlation between soil organic carbon components and soil enzyme activities in variouswater and nitrogen treatments
表 1 土壤0~20 cm土层基本理化性质
Table 1. Basic physicochemical properties of 0-20 cm soil
土壤质地 土壤容重/
（g/cm3）有机质/
（g/kg）全氮/
（g/kg）速效磷/
（mg/kg）速效钾/
（mg/kg）壤土 1.38 11.60 0.89 18.50 106 
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表 2 不同水氮处理土壤有机碳组分占总有机碳的比例
Table 2. Ratio of soil organic carbon components to total organic carbon under varying water and nitrogen treatments
% 土层/cm 水分管理 施氮处理 MOC/SOC POC/SOC EOC/SOC 0~20 I N0 78.93±3.77a 12.25±1.69b 3.81±0.57b N180 76.13±4.31a 17.24±2.03a 3.70±0.45b N360 79.55±4.32a 12.77±0.57b 8.39±0.62a R N0 74.90±1.37b 12.89±0.36b 18.76±0.03a N180 67.48±4.06c 15.81±0.46a 10.84±1.25b N360 88.07±0.16a 13.16±0.53b 20.21±2.55a 20~40 I N0 85.28±15.04a 5.72±0.22b 39.10±2.20a N180 76.15±18.24a 11.62±1.39a 39.41±7.39a N360 92.10±7.24a 2.48±1.02c 26.73±1.18a R N0 90.95±3.97b 5.59±0.12b 37.23±4.30ab N180 79.71±1.32c 6.54±0.41a 28.46±0.23b N360 96.22±2.81a 4.88±0.23b 41.70±4.56a 注： 不同小写字母表示同一灌水处理下不同施氮处理间差异显著（P<0.05）。全文同。
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表 3 不同水氮处理土壤酶活性
Table 3. Soil enzyme activities in different water and nitrogen treatments
土层/cm 水分管理 施氮处理 UA/〔mg/（g·d）〕 IA/〔mg/（g·d）〕 HPA〔mg/（g·h）〕 β-BG /〔mg/（g·d）〕 0~20 R N0 2.652±0.030b 14.211±0.602a 1.943±0.306a 0.562±0.012b N180 2.814±0.037a 9.007±0.164b 1.935±0.127a 0.695±0.016a N360 2.696±0.033b 2.883±0.120c 1.980±0.072a 0.542±0.016b I N0 1.305±0.008b 20.762±0.198a 1.665±0.241a 1.726±0.016a N180 1.533±0.005a 12.597±0.252b 1.680±0.172a 1.277±0.024c N360 1.062±0.007c 9.613±0.198c 1.380±0.019a 1.379±0.024b 20~40 R N0 1.470±0.023b 1.411±0.079b 2.053±0.160a 0.861±0.012c N180 1.766±0.033a 4.558±0.228a 1.970±0.033a 1.753±0.018b N360 1.438±0.026b 1.517±0.091b 1.522±0.096b 2.121±0.000a I N0 0.395±0.006c 1.029±0.079a 2.342±0.085a 1.688±0.016b N180 0.919±0.009a 1.160±0.163a 1.828±0.242b 1.607±0.026c N360 0.533±0.007b 1.238±0.163a 1.662±0.015b 1.740±0.012a
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表 4 不同水氮处理土壤理化性质
Table 4. Soil physical and chemical properties under varying water and nitrogen treatments
土层/cm 水分管理 施氮量 NO3 −/（mg/kg） NH4 +/（mg/kg） 0~20 I N0 0.468±0.018b 12.123±0.202a N180 0.546±0.008a 9.565±0.069b N360 0.343±0.009c 9.547±0.183b R N0 0.443±0.003c 8.688±0.039b N180 0.635±0.005b 11.890±0.148a N360 1.191±0.018a 7.565±0.094c 20~40 I N0 0.362±0.005a 9.683±0.247c N180 0.347±0.007a 12.190±0.206a N360 0.250±0.046b 10.523±0.072b R N0 0.310±0.008b 8.859±0.021b N180 0.347±0.067b 9.878±0.136a N360 1.238±0.033a 6.144±0.290c
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