Effect of different nitrogen application treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of Bainong 207
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摘要:
为探究百农207（BN207）在不同氮肥管理下的光合特性和氮肥利用效率，从而建立最优氮肥管理、实现绿色高产高效栽培，以BN207为试验材料，设置5种不同氮肥梯度，即0（N0）、120（N120）、180（N180）、240（N240）及360（N360）kg/hm2，分析灌浆中后期小麦光合性能、叶绿素荧光参数和叶面积指数（LAI）的变化，及其对生物量、氮肥利用效率和产量的影响。结果表明，与N0相比，N180、N240及N360组BN207叶绿素荧光参数中的FV/FM（暗适应下PS Ⅱ的最大量子产额）、ETO/RC（单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量）、LAI、籽粒氮素积累量、生物量及产量分别上升0.71%~4.87%、3.45%~5.70%、117.22%~157.64%、62.67%~63.98%、39.30%~57.01%及27.87%~28.92%，OJIP曲线中各特征位点的峰值和氮肥利用效率均下降，但施氮组间无显著差异。此外，BN207在N180组的净光合速率（Pn）显著高于其他组，表明BN207在N180组更有利于实现绿色高产高效的目标。线性加平台结果表明，当施氮量达到172.14 kg/hm2时，小麦的产量达到平台值。综上所述，BN207的最佳施肥量为172.14 kg/hm2，该结果可为BN207在华北平原地区高产栽培管理提供理论依据。
Abstract:In order to investigates the photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen use efficiency of Bainong207(BN207) under different nitrogen managements so as to establish optimal nitrogen management and achieve the goal of green, high-yield, and efficient cultivation, using BN207 as the experimental material, five different nitrogen gradients were set, namely 0 (N0), 120 (N120), 180 (N180), 240 (N240), and 360 (N360) kg/hm². The changes in photosynthetic performance, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and leaf area index (LAI) during the mid to late grain filling stages of wheat, as well as their effects on biomass, nitrogen use efficiency, and yield. were analyzed. The results indicated that compared to N0, in N180, N240 and N360 groups, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of BN207, including FV/FM (the maximum quantum yield of PS Ⅱ under dark adaptation), ETO/RC (the energy captured by a unit reaction center for electron transport), LAI, the accumulation of grain nitrogen, biomass, and yield, increased by 0.71%-4.87%, 3.45%-5.70%, 117.22%-157.64%, 62.67%-53.98%, 39.30%-57.01%, and 27.87%-28.92%, respectively. The peak values of the OJIP curve and nitrogen use efficiency in all groups decreased, but there were no significant differences among the nitrogen treatments. Additionally, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of BN207 in the N180 group was significantly higher than in other groups, indicating that BN207 was more conducive to achieving the goal of green, high-yield, and efficient cultivation in the N180 group. The linear plus plateau results indicated that when the nitrogen application reached 172.14 kg/hm², the yield of wheat reached a plateau. In conclusion, the optimal fertilization rate for BN207 was 172.14 kg/hm², and this result could provide a theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation management of BN207 in the North China Plain region.
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图 1 不同施氮处理对BN207氮肥利用效率的影响
Figure 1. Effect of different nitrogen application treatments on nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of BN207
图 2 不同施氮处理对BN207叶面积指数和光合速率的影响
Figure 2. Effect of different nitrogen application treatments on the leaf area index and photosynthetic rate of BN207
图 3 不同施氮处理对BN207叶绿素荧光参数的影响
Figure 3. Effect of different nitrogen application treatments on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of BN207
图 4 不同施氮处理对BN207的OJIP曲线的影响
Figure 4. Effect of different nitrogen application treatments on OJIP curve of BN207
图 5 不同施氮处理对BN207产量和生物量的影响
Figure 5. Effects of different nitrogen application treatments on the yield and biomass of BN207
图 6 叶面积指数和光合速率对生物量的响应
Figure 6. Response of leaf area index and photosynthetic rate to biomass
表 1 0~20 cm土壤基本理化性质
Table 1. Basic physicochemical properties of 0-20 cm soil
土壤质地 土壤容重/
（g/cm3）有机质/
（g/kg）全氮/
（g/kg）速效磷/
（mg/kg）速效钾/
（mg/kg）壤土 1.38 11.60 0.89 18.50 106 
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表 2 叶绿素荧光参数的含义
Table 2. Meaning of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters
参数 含义 FV/FM 暗适应下PS Ⅱ的最大量子产额 VJ 在J点的相对可变荧光强度 SM 标准化后的OJIP荧光诱导曲线、
荧光强度（F）为FM及y轴之间的面积ABS/RC 单位反应中心吸收的能量 DIO/RC 单位反应中心耗散掉的能量 TRO/RC 单位反应中心捕获的用于还原QA的能量 ETO/RC 单位反应中心捕获的用于电子传递的能量 Ft 光化光（AL）照光后，时间t发出的荧光 FO 最小荧光，所有PS Ⅱ反应中心全部打开 FM 最大荧光，所有PS Ⅱ反应中心全部关闭 VOP VOP=(Ft−FO)/(FM−FO) ∆VOP ∆VOP=VOP（处理）−VOP（CK）
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表 3 不同施氮梯度对BN207生物量、产量及其构成因素的影响
Table 3. Effects of different nitrogen application gradients on the biomass, yield, and constituent factors of BN207
处理组 有效穗数/（104穗/hm2） 穗粒数/穗 千粒重/g 产量/（kg/hm2） 生物量/（kg/hm2） 收获指数 N0 363.44±32.92c 35.86±1.06c 46.94±1.14a 5 798.54±1 101.78b 13 680.60±1 360.40b 0.35±0.04b N120 430.00±16.33b 37.53±1.82b 44.33±2.09b 7 192.08±1 149.12a 16 021.47±4 315.56b 0.42±0.03a N180 488.75±15.37a 38.68±1.99ab 43.62±1.63b 7 436.75±633.29a 19 057.46±2 785.89a 0.40±0.03a N240 501.57±26.25a 38.35±2.78ab 42.68±2.51bc 7 475.37±753.31a 21 185.62±1 228.29a 0.35±0.02b N360 502.50±17.85a 39.75±2.76a 41.30±2.44c 7 414.40±378.27a 21 479.35±1 313.23a 0.35±0.01b 注：不同字母表示不同处理组间在0.05水平下差异显著。全文同。
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表 4 不同施氮处理与BN207产量构成因素、生物量指标的相关性
Table 4. Correlation between different nitrogen application treatments and yield components and biomass index of BN207
项目 年份 施氮量 有效穗数 穗粒数 千粒重 籽粒产量 收获指数 籽粒氮素
积累量氮肥利
用效率生物量 LAI Pn 年份 1 施氮量 1.000** 1 有效穗数 1.000** 0.656 1 穗粒数 −1.000** −0.514 0.191 1 千粒重 −1.000** −0.053 −0.212 0.118 1 籽粒产量 1.000** 0.701 0.799** 0.398** 0.154 1 收获指数 1.000** 0.701 −0.076 −0.044 0.203 0.034 1 籽粒氮素积累量 1.000** 0.868 0.068 0.271 −0.025 0.191 0.109 1 氮肥利用效率 −1.000** 0.762 −0.043 −0.076 0.302 0.000 −0.047 −0.878** 1 生物量 1.000** 0.833 0.212 0.290 −0.053 0.284 0.503** 0.716** −0.440* 1 LAI −1.000** 0.491 −0.037 −0.235 −0.092 −0.020 0.334* −0.138 −0.074 0.045 1 Pn −1.000** 0.771 −0.295 0.214 −0.146 −0.189 0.468** 0.320 −0.244 0.379* 0.221 1 注： *代表P<0.05，**代表P<0.01。全文同。
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表 5 不同施氮处理与BN207叶绿素荧光参数和光合指标的相关性
Table 5. Correlation between different nitrogen application treatments and BN207 chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthesis
项目 年份 施氮量 Pn FV/FM VJ SM ABS/RC DIO/RC TRO/RC ETO/RC 年份 1 施氮量 1.000** 1 Pn −1.000** 0.771 1 FV/FM 1.000** −0.258 −0.390* 1 VJ −1.000** 0.618 0.018 −0.637** 1 SM −1.000** 0.308 −0.190 0.264 −0.527** 1 ABS/RC 1.000** 0.419 0.511** −0.784** 0.619** −0.618** 1 DIO/RC −1.000** 0.354 0.473** −0.948** 0.641** −0.434** 0.933** 1 TRO/RC 1.000** 0.424 0.495** −0.572** 0.539** −0.707** 0.956** 0.786** 1 ETO/RC 1.000** −0.372 0.420* 0.144 −0.545** −0.151 0.267 0.062 0.408** 1
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