含腐植酸水溶肥对空心菜生长及土壤养分性状的影响

马梦谦; 樊海丹; 李红娜; 张娟琴; 白娜玲; 张海韵; 李双喜; 吕卫光; 张翰林

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20240312

含腐植酸水溶肥对空心菜生长及土壤养分性状的影响

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20240312

马梦谦^{1, 4,},
樊海丹^{1, 4},
李红娜²,
张娟琴^{1, 5},
白娜玲^{1, 5},
张海韵^{1, 5},
李双喜^{1, 5},
吕卫光^{1, 3, 4, 5},
张翰林^{1, 3, 4, 5, ,}

1.
上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所
2.
中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所
3.
农业农村部东南沿海农业绿色低碳重点实验室
4.
上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室
5.
农业农村部上海农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站

基金项目: 上海市崇明区农业科创项目（2023CNKC-01-05）；上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划项目（沪农科卓〔2022〕008）

详细信息

作者简介:
马梦谦（2001—），女，硕士，主要从事农田土壤健康研究，mamengqian191529@163.com

通讯作者:
张翰林（1985—），男，研究员，博士，主要从事农业生态研究，zhanghanlinchick@163.com

中图分类号: X82
计量
- 文章访问数: 38
- HTML全文浏览量: 15
- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-09
- 录用日期: 2024-08-26
- 修回日期: 2024-08-01

Effects of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizers on the growth of water spinach and soil nutrient properties

MA Mengqian^{1, 4
,},
FAN Haidan^{1, 4},
LI Hongna²,
ZHANG Juanqin^{1, 5},
BAI Naling^{1, 5},
ZHANG Haiyun^{1, 5},
LI Shuangxi^{1, 5},
LÜ Weiguang^{1, 3, 4, 5},
ZHANG Hanlin^{1, 3, 4, 5
, ,}

1.
Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
2.
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
3.
Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
4.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology
5.
Shanghai Agricultural Environment and Farmland Conservation Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

摘要

摘要:
为研究不同含腐植酸水溶肥施用量及施肥方式对空心菜品质、土壤含碳量、养分含量、土壤酶活性的影响，设置8个处理，分别为空白（CK）、常规化肥（CF）、根施腐植酸水溶肥全量替代（RT₁）、根施腐植酸水溶肥50%替代（RT_0.5）、根施腐植酸水溶肥25%替代（RT_0.25）、叶施腐植酸水溶肥全量替代（LT₁）、叶施腐植酸水溶肥50%替代（LT_0.5）、叶施腐植酸水溶肥25%替代（LT_0.25），测定收获后土壤理化性质以及空心菜产量品质指标，采用主成分分析法对施肥效果进行综合评价。结果表明，RT₁较CF产量、土壤有机碳（SOC）含量和可溶性固形物含量分别提升了11.5%、8.7%和8.8%；LT₁较CF可溶性固形物、粗蛋白和维生素C含量分别提升了17.6%、15.5%和11.0%，但产量和土壤SOC含量分别下降了2.9%和11.3%。空心菜产量与土壤速效氮和SOC含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与pH和速效钾、速效磷含量呈显著负相关（P<0.05），表明速效氮养分和有机质的添加对于促进空心菜的生长和增加产量起重要作用。根据主成分分析结果，施加含腐植酸水溶肥有利于高品质蔬菜生产及提高土壤质量，根部施用全量含腐植酸水溶肥替代化肥（RT₁）效果最佳。研究结果可为提高作物产量品质和土壤质量，实现化肥减施并增加土壤固碳能力提供参考。
- 含腐植酸水溶肥 /
- 土壤质量 /
- 施肥策略 /
- 空心菜
Abstract:
In order to investigate the effects of different application rates and methods of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizers on the water spinach quality, nutrient contents, soil carbon contents, and soil enzyme activities, eight treatments were established. These treatments included: control group (CK), conventional fertilization (CF), root-applied humic acid water-soluble fertilizer with full substitution (RT₁), root-applied humic acid water-soluble fertilizer with 50% substitution (RT_0.5), root-applied humic acid water-soluble fertilizer with 25% substitution (RT_0.25), leaf application of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer with full substitution (LT₁), leaf application with 50% substitution (LT_0.5), and leaf application with 25% substitution (LT_0.25). The physical and chemical properties of the soil after harvest were determined, alongside the quality indices of water spinach yield, and the impact of fertilization methods was comprehensively evaluated using principal component analysis. The results indicated that RT₁ enhanced yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and soluble solids content by 11.5%, 8.7%, and 8.8%, respectively, compared to CF. On the other hand, LT₁ improved soluble solids, crude protein, and vitamin C content by 17.6%, 15.5%, and 11.0%, respectively, relative to CF, although yield and SOC content decreased by 2.9% and 11.3%, respectively. Significant positive correlations (P<0.05) were found between water spinach yield and quick-acting nitrogen (AN) content as well as SOC, while significant negative correlations (P<0.05) were observed with pH, quick-acting potassium (AK), and quick-acting phosphorus (AP) content. These findings suggested that quick-acting nitrogen nutrients and organic matter played pivotal roles in enhancing the growth and yield of water spinach. Principal component analysis underscored that applying humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizers was beneficial for producing high-quality vegetables and improving soil quality. Specifically, applying the full amount of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizers at the root level (RT₁) yielded the most favorable outcomes compared to conventional chemical fertilizers (CF). Overall, this study provides valuable insights into enhancing crop yield quality, improving soil health, reducing chemical fertilizer dependency, and boosting soil carbon sequestration capacity.
- humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizers /
- soil quality /
- fertilization strategies /
- water spinach

HTML全文

图 1 空心菜总产量

注：不同小写字母表示差异显著，相同字母表示差异不显著。

Figure 1. Total production of water spinach

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图 2 空心菜产量与土壤理化性质的相关系数

注：*表示P<0.05，**表示P<0.01。

Figure 2. Correlation coefficients between the yield of water spinach and physical and chemical properties of soil

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表 1 试验设计

Table 1. Experimental design

处理	施用方式	追肥施用量
CK	空白处理	不追肥
CF	常规施肥	尿素3.3
RT₁	根施腐植酸水溶肥全量替代	水溶肥11.7
RT_0.5	根施腐植酸水溶肥50%替代	水溶肥5.9+尿素1.65
RT_0.25	根施腐植酸水溶肥25%替代	水溶肥2.94+尿素2.43
LT₁	叶施腐植酸水溶肥全量替代	水溶肥11.7
LT_0.5	叶施腐植酸水溶肥50%替代	水溶肥5.9+尿素1.65
LT_0.25	叶施腐植酸水溶肥25%替代	水溶肥2.94+尿素2.43
注：尿素施用量单位为g/m²，水溶肥施用量单位为mL/m²。

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表 2 空心菜品质结果统计

Table 2. Statistics of water spinach quality result

处理	可溶性固形物含量/%	粗蛋白含量/（g/kg）	维生素C 含量/（mg/kg）	叶绿素总量/（mg/g）
CK	2.37±0.06ab	2.15±0.03b	1.67±0.04e	0.58±0.01bc
CF	2.27±0.21bc	1.93±0.06c	1.79±0.04c	0.57±0.01c
RT₁	2.47±0.06ab	2.21±0.08ab	1.89±0.04b	0.58±0.02bc
RT_0.5	1.97±0.15cd	2.03±0.15bc	1.78±0.04cd	0.58±0.01bc
RT_0.25	2.00±0.26cd	2.19±0.42ab	1.70±0.07de	0.56±0.06bc
LT₁	2.67±0.15a	2.23±0.47ab	1.99±0.03a	0.62±0.02ab
LT_0.5	1.70±0.10d	2.37±0.22a	1.77±0.04cd	0.63±0.01a
LT_0.25	2.03±0.21c	2.12±0.11bc	1.74±0.03cde	0.58±0.01bc
注：表中的数据格式为平均值±误差；不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05）。

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表 3 土壤理化性质特征

Table 3. Characterization of soil physical and chemical properties

处理	pH	SOC含量/（g/kg）	AN含量/（mg/kg）	AP含量/（mg/kg）	AK含量/（mg/kg）
CK	8.15±0.02a	13.80±0.58ab	75.78±22.71e	77.12±6.60a	142.67±4.04a
CF	8.03±0.02b	13.31±0.14b	94.51±12.67d	80.41±1.08a	131.33±0.58b
RT₁	7.87±0.02e	14.47±0.31a	107.23±8.29cd	78.69±5.42a	87.33±1.53d
RT_0.5	7.93±0.02d	13.06±0.27bc	122.84±9.80bc	53.73±5.60c	111.67±2.52c
RT_0.25	7.96±0.01c	12.26±0.71cd	113.69±2.44c	72.14±6.96ab	94.67±2.52d
LT₁	7.95±0.01cd	11.96±0.19d	135.05±3.49b	55.04±1.47c	88.00±7.55d
LT_0.5	8.01±0.02b	13.71±0.53ab	241.44±5.72a	65.42±1.57b	91.67±7.09d
LT_0.25	8.01±0.01b	10.70±0.67e	70.67±0.98e	67.06±3.04b	73.67±2.52e
注：同表2。

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表 4 土壤酶活性结果统计

Table 4. Statistics of soil enzyme activity results

处理	脲酶活性/ 〔μg/（g·d）〕	蔗糖酶活性/ 〔mg/（g·d）〕	过氧化氢酶活性/ 〔μmol/（g·d）〕
CK	254.40±69.92a	56.42±9.36c	65.14±0.84a
CF	301.63±5.78a	91.60±7.22b	66.48±1.46a
RT₁	262.18±35.15a	151.51±2.00a	66.09±2.64a
RT_0.5	299.40±34.76a	48.75±9.37c	62.83±1.28b
RT_0.25	286.93±57.02a	52.12±8.72c	62.24±0.48b
LT₁	274.51±13.76a	51.13±4.00c	64.29±0.15ab
LT_0.5	298.17±41.22a	95.17±10.50b	62.29±0.57b
LT_0.25	281.99±12.27a	98.49±18.15b	66.10±0.14a
注：同表2。

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表 5 主成分得分系数矩阵

Table 5. Matrix of component score coefficients

空心菜品质及土壤指标	主成分
空心菜品质及土壤指标	1	2	3	4	5
产量	0.117	0.210	0.086	0.258	−0.249
土壤pH	−0.153	−0.108	0.117	0.069	0.454
土壤SOC含量	0.007	0.100	0.467	0.180	−0.078
土壤AN含量	0.153	−0.151	0.264	0.066	−0.017
土壤AP含量	−0.125	0.139	0.269	−0.254	0.062
土壤AK含量	−0.152	0.031	0.209	0.389	0.047
可溶性固形物含量	−0.001	0.222	−0.146	0.197	0.404
粗蛋白含量	0.130	−0.142	0.128	−0.218	0.325
维生素C含量	0.166	0.160	−0.133	0.164	0.167
叶绿素总量	0.163	−0.094	0.101	0.111	0.428
土壤脲酶活性	0.208	0.081	0.007	−0.037	−0.007
土壤蔗糖酶活性	0.059	0.188	0.210	−0.412	−0.020
土壤过氧化氢酶活性	−0.069	0.251	−0.059	−0.167	0.283
特征值	4.511	3.151	1.858	1.543	1.19
方差贡献率/%	34.7	24.2	14.3	11.9	9.1
累计方差贡献率/%	34.7	59.0	73.2	85.1	94.3

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表 6 各处理主成分得分及综合排名

Table 6. Comprehensive ranking

处理	各主成分得分						综合排名
处理	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F₅	F	综合排名
RT₁	0.28	0.44	0.11	−0.11	−0.03	0.70	1
LT₁	0.45	0.08	−0.18	0.14	0.12	0.62	2
LT_0.5	0.43	−0.35	0.23	−0.04	0.02	0.29	3
CF	−0.32	0.28	0.06	0.07	−0.03	0.04	4
RT_0.5	0.08	−0.09	−0.06	0.16	−0.16	−0.08	5
CK	−0.57	−0.07	0.10	0.07	0.12	−0.35	6
LT_0.25	−0.11	−0.06	−0.20	−0.22	0.03	−0.56	7
RT_0.25	−0.20	−0.24	−0.05	−0.05	−0.10	−0.65	8

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