含腐植酸水溶肥对空心菜生长及土壤养分性状的影响

马梦谦; 樊海丹; 李红娜; 张娟琴; 白娜玲; 张海韵; 李双喜; 吕卫光; 张翰林

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20240312

含腐植酸水溶肥对空心菜生长及土壤养分性状的影响

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20240312

马梦谦^{1, 4,},
樊海丹^{1, 4},
李红娜²,
张娟琴^{1, 5},
白娜玲^{1, 5},
张海韵^{1, 5},
李双喜^{1, 5},
吕卫光^{1, 3, 4, 5},
张翰林^{1, 3, 4, 5, ,}

1.
上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所
2.
中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所
3.
农业农村部东南沿海农业绿色低碳重点实验室
4.
上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室
5.
农业农村部上海农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站

基金项目: 上海市崇明区农业科创项目（2023CNKC-01-05）；上海市农业科学院卓越团队建设计划项目（沪农科卓〔2022〕008）

详细信息

作者简介:
马梦谦（2001—），女，硕士，主要从事农田土壤健康研究，mamengqian191529@163.com

通讯作者:
张翰林（1985—），男，研究员，博士，主要从事农业生态研究，zhanghanlinchick@163.com

中图分类号: X82
计量
- 文章访问数: 11
- HTML全文浏览量: 6
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-09
- 录用日期: 2024-08-26
- 修回日期: 2024-08-01

Effects of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizers on the growth of water spinach and soil nutrient properties

MA Mengqian^{1, 4
,},
FAN Haidan^{1, 4},
LI Hongna²,
ZHANG Juanqin^{1, 5},
BAI Naling^{1, 5},
ZHANG Haiyun^{1, 5},
LI Shuangxi^{1, 5},
LÜ Weiguang^{1, 3, 4, 5},
ZHANG Hanlin^{1, 3, 4, 5
, ,}

1.
Eco-environmental Protection Institute of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
2.
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
3.
Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Southeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
4.
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology
5.
Shanghai Agricultural Environment and Farmland Conservation Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

摘要

摘要:
为研究不同含腐植酸水溶肥施用量及施肥方式对空心菜品质、土壤含碳量、养分含量、土壤酶活性的影响，设置8个处理，分别为空白（CK）、常规化肥（CF）、根施腐植酸水溶肥全量替代（RT₁）、根施腐植酸水溶肥50%替代（RT_0.5）、根施腐植酸水溶肥25%替代（RT_0.25）、叶施腐植酸水溶肥全量替代（LT₁）、叶施腐植酸水溶肥50%替代（LT_0.5）、叶施腐植酸水溶肥25%替代（LT_0.25），测定收获后土壤理化性质以及空心菜产量品质指标，采用主成分分析法对施肥效果进行综合评价。结果表明，RT₁较CF产量、土壤有机碳（SOC）含量和可溶性固形物含量分别提升了11.5%、8.7%和8.8%；LT₁较CF可溶性固形物、粗蛋白和维生素C含量分别提升了17.6%、15.5%和11.0%，但产量和土壤SOC含量分别下降了2.9%和11.3%。空心菜产量与土壤速效氮和SOC含量呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与pH和速效钾、速效磷含量呈显著负相关（P<0.05），表明速效氮养分和有机质的添加对于促进空心菜的生长和增加产量起重要作用。根据主成分分析结果，施加含腐植酸水溶肥有利于高品质蔬菜生产及提高土壤质量，根部施用全量含腐植酸水溶肥替代化肥（RT₁）效果最佳。研究结果可为提高作物产量品质和土壤质量，实现化肥减施并增加土壤固碳能力提供参考。
- 含腐植酸水溶肥 /
- 土壤质量 /
- 施肥策略 /
- 空心菜
Abstract:
In order to investigate the effects of different application rates and methods of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizers on the water spinach quality, nutrient contents, soil carbon contents, and soil enzyme activities, eight treatments were established. These treatments included: control group (CK), conventional fertilization (CF), root-applied humic acid water-soluble fertilizer with full substitution (RT₁), root-applied humic acid water-soluble fertilizer with 50% substitution (RT_0.5), root-applied humic acid water-soluble fertilizer with 25% substitution (RT_0.25), leaf application of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer with full substitution (LT₁), leaf application with 50% substitution (LT_0.5), and leaf application with 25% substitution (LT_0.25). The physical and chemical properties of the soil after harvest were determined, alongside the quality indices of water spinach yield, and the impact of fertilization methods was comprehensively evaluated using principal component analysis. The results indicated that RT₁ enhanced yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) content, and soluble solids content by 11.5%, 8.7%, and 8.8%, respectively, compared to CF. On the other hand, LT₁ improved soluble solids, crude protein, and vitamin C content by 17.6%, 15.5%, and 11.0%, respectively, relative to CF, although yield and SOC content decreased by 2.9% and 11.3%, respectively. Significant positive correlations (P<0.05) were found between water spinach yield and quick-acting nitrogen (AN) content as well as SOC, while significant negative correlations (P<0.05) were observed with pH, quick-acting potassium (AK), and quick-acting phosphorus (AP) content. These findings suggested that quick-acting nitrogen nutrients and organic matter played pivotal roles in enhancing the growth and yield of water spinach. Principal component analysis underscored that applying humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizers was beneficial for producing high-quality vegetables and improving soil quality. Specifically, applying the full amount of humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizers at the root level (RT₁) yielded the most favorable outcomes compared to conventional chemical fertilizers (CF). Overall, this study provides valuable insights into enhancing crop yield quality, improving soil health, reducing chemical fertilizer dependency, and boosting soil carbon sequestration capacity.
- humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizers /
- soil quality /
- fertilization strategies /
- water spinach

HTML全文

图 1 空心菜总产量

注：不同小写字母表示差异显著，相同字母表示差异不显著。

Figure 1. Total production of water spinach

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 空心菜产量与土壤理化性质的相关系数

注：*表示P<0.05，**表示P<0.01。

Figure 2. Correlation coefficients between the yield of water spinach and physical and chemical properties of soil

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 试验设计

Table 1. Experimental design

处理	施用方式	追肥施用量
CK	空白处理	不追肥
CF	常规施肥	尿素3.3
RT₁	根施腐植酸水溶肥全量替代	水溶肥11.7
RT_0.5	根施腐植酸水溶肥50%替代	水溶肥5.9+尿素1.65
RT_0.25	根施腐植酸水溶肥25%替代	水溶肥2.94+尿素2.43
LT₁	叶施腐植酸水溶肥全量替代	水溶肥11.7
LT_0.5	叶施腐植酸水溶肥50%替代	水溶肥5.9+尿素1.65
LT_0.25	叶施腐植酸水溶肥25%替代	水溶肥2.94+尿素2.43
注：尿素施用量单位为g/m²，水溶肥施用量单位为mL/m²。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 空心菜品质结果统计

Table 2. Statistics of water spinach quality result

处理	可溶性固形物含量/%	粗蛋白含量/（g/kg）	维生素C 含量/（mg/kg）	叶绿素总量/（mg/g）
CK	2.37±0.06ab	2.15±0.03b	1.67±0.04e	0.58±0.01bc
CF	2.27±0.21bc	1.93±0.06c	1.79±0.04c	0.57±0.01c
RT₁	2.47±0.06ab	2.21±0.08ab	1.89±0.04b	0.58±0.02bc
RT_0.5	1.97±0.15cd	2.03±0.15bc	1.78±0.04cd	0.58±0.01bc
RT_0.25	2.00±0.26cd	2.19±0.42ab	1.70±0.07de	0.56±0.06bc
LT₁	2.67±0.15a	2.23±0.47ab	1.99±0.03a	0.62±0.02ab
LT_0.5	1.70±0.10d	2.37±0.22a	1.77±0.04cd	0.63±0.01a
LT_0.25	2.03±0.21c	2.12±0.11bc	1.74±0.03cde	0.58±0.01bc
注：表中的数据格式为平均值±误差；不同小写字母表示差异显著（P<0.05）。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 土壤理化性质特征

Table 3. Characterization of soil physical and chemical properties

处理	pH	SOC含量/（g/kg）	AN含量/（mg/kg）	AP含量/（mg/kg）	AK含量/（mg/kg）
CK	8.15±0.02a	13.80±0.58ab	75.78±22.71e	77.12±6.60a	142.67±4.04a
CF	8.03±0.02b	13.31±0.14b	94.51±12.67d	80.41±1.08a	131.33±0.58b
RT₁	7.87±0.02e	14.47±0.31a	107.23±8.29cd	78.69±5.42a	87.33±1.53d
RT_0.5	7.93±0.02d	13.06±0.27bc	122.84±9.80bc	53.73±5.60c	111.67±2.52c
RT_0.25	7.96±0.01c	12.26±0.71cd	113.69±2.44c	72.14±6.96ab	94.67±2.52d
LT₁	7.95±0.01cd	11.96±0.19d	135.05±3.49b	55.04±1.47c	88.00±7.55d
LT_0.5	8.01±0.02b	13.71±0.53ab	241.44±5.72a	65.42±1.57b	91.67±7.09d
LT_0.25	8.01±0.01b	10.70±0.67e	70.67±0.98e	67.06±3.04b	73.67±2.52e
注：同表2。

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 土壤酶活性结果统计

Table 4. Statistics of soil enzyme activity results

处理	脲酶活性/ 〔μg/（g·d）〕	蔗糖酶活性/ 〔mg/（g·d）〕	过氧化氢酶活性/ 〔μmol/（g·d）〕
CK	254.40±69.92a	56.42±9.36c	65.14±0.84a
CF	301.63±5.78a	91.60±7.22b	66.48±1.46a
RT₁	262.18±35.15a	151.51±2.00a	66.09±2.64a
RT_0.5	299.40±34.76a	48.75±9.37c	62.83±1.28b
RT_0.25	286.93±57.02a	52.12±8.72c	62.24±0.48b
LT₁	274.51±13.76a	51.13±4.00c	64.29±0.15ab
LT_0.5	298.17±41.22a	95.17±10.50b	62.29±0.57b
LT_0.25	281.99±12.27a	98.49±18.15b	66.10±0.14a
注：同表2。

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 主成分得分系数矩阵

Table 5. Matrix of component score coefficients

空心菜品质及土壤指标	主成分
空心菜品质及土壤指标	1	2	3	4	5
产量	0.117	0.210	0.086	0.258	−0.249
土壤pH	−0.153	−0.108	0.117	0.069	0.454
土壤SOC含量	0.007	0.100	0.467	0.180	−0.078
土壤AN含量	0.153	−0.151	0.264	0.066	−0.017
土壤AP含量	−0.125	0.139	0.269	−0.254	0.062
土壤AK含量	−0.152	0.031	0.209	0.389	0.047
可溶性固形物含量	−0.001	0.222	−0.146	0.197	0.404
粗蛋白含量	0.130	−0.142	0.128	−0.218	0.325
维生素C含量	0.166	0.160	−0.133	0.164	0.167
叶绿素总量	0.163	−0.094	0.101	0.111	0.428
土壤脲酶活性	0.208	0.081	0.007	−0.037	−0.007
土壤蔗糖酶活性	0.059	0.188	0.210	−0.412	−0.020
土壤过氧化氢酶活性	−0.069	0.251	−0.059	−0.167	0.283
特征值	4.511	3.151	1.858	1.543	1.19
方差贡献率/%	34.7	24.2	14.3	11.9	9.1
累计方差贡献率/%	34.7	59.0	73.2	85.1	94.3

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 各处理主成分得分及综合排名

Table 6. Comprehensive ranking

处理	各主成分得分						综合排名
处理	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F₅	F	综合排名
RT₁	0.28	0.44	0.11	−0.11	−0.03	0.70	1
LT₁	0.45	0.08	−0.18	0.14	0.12	0.62	2
LT_0.5	0.43	−0.35	0.23	−0.04	0.02	0.29	3
CF	−0.32	0.28	0.06	0.07	−0.03	0.04	4
RT_0.5	0.08	−0.09	−0.06	0.16	−0.16	−0.08	5
CK	−0.57	−0.07	0.10	0.07	0.12	−0.35	6
LT_0.25	−0.11	−0.06	−0.20	−0.22	0.03	−0.56	7
RT_0.25	−0.20	−0.24	−0.05	−0.05	−0.10	−0.65	8

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(34)

[1]	纪梦梦, 吴晓刚, 吴欣欣, 等. 过量施肥对设施菜田土壤菌群结构及N₂O产生的影响[J]. 微生物学通报,2018,45(6):1323-1332. JI M M, WU X G, WU X X, et al. Effect of overuse nitrogen fertilizer on bacterial community and N₂O emission from greenhouse soil[J]. Microbiology China,2018,45(6):1323-1332.
[2]	刘娇娴, 崔骏, 刘洪宝, 等. 土壤改良剂改良酸化土壤的研究进展[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2022,12(1):173-184. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210119 LIU J X, CUI J, LIU H B, et al. Research progress of soil amelioration of acidified soil by soil amendments[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2022,12(1):173-184. doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210119
[3]	成绍鑫. 腐植酸类物质概论[M]. 2版. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2020.
[4]	刘美, 王秀峰, 谷端银, 等. 育苗基质添加腐植酸促进番茄穴盘苗生长改善生理特性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1636-1644. LIU M, WANG X F, GU D Y, et al. Addition of humic acid in substrate increases growth and physiological properties of tomato plug seedlings[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2016,22(6):1636-1644.
[5]	章智明, 黄占斌, 单瑞娟. 腐植酸对土壤改良作用探讨[J]. 环境与可持续发展,2013,38(3):109-111. ZHANG Z M, HUANG Z B, SHAN R J. Discussion of humic acid on soil amelioration[J]. Environment and Sustainable Development,2013,38(3):109-111.
[6]	DONG L H, YUAN H L. Nitrogen incorporation into lignite humic acids during microbial degradation[J]. Geomicrobiology Journal,2009,26(7):484-490. doi: 10.1080/01490450903061085
[7]	ARAÚJO B R, ROMÃO L P C, DOUMER M E, et al. Evaluation of the interactions between chitosan and humics in media for the controlled release of nitrogen fertilizer[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2017,190:122-131.
[8]	MAJI D, MISRA P, SINGH S, et al. Humic acid rich vermicompost promotes plant growth by improving microbial community structure of soil as well as root nodulation and mycorrhizal colonization in the roots of Pisum sativum[J]. Applied Soil Ecology,2017,110:97-108. doi: 10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.10.008
[9]	魏自民, 吴俊秋, 赵越, 等. 堆肥过程中氨基酸的产生及其对腐植酸形成的影响[J]. 环境工程技术学报,2016,6(4):377-383. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.04.056 WEI Z M, WU J Q, ZHAO Y, et al. Production of amino acids and its effect on the formation of humic acids during composting[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2016,6(4):377-383. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2016.04.056
[10]	WYSZKOWSKI M, KORDALA N, BRODOWSKA M S. Trace element content in soils with nitrogen fertilisation and humic acids addition[J]. Agriculture,2023,13(5):968. doi: 10.3390/agriculture13050968
[11]	龙惊惊, 李小明, 王远, 等. 液体肥增效剂对黄瓜果实产量和品质的影响[J]. 北方园艺,2018(17):115-123. LONG J J, LI X M, WANG Y, et al. Effect of liquid fertilizer synergist on yield and quality of cucumber fruit[J]. Northern Horticulture,2018(17):115-123.
[12]	李慧, 谢志强, 李百云. 腐植酸有机肥对灵武长枣光合荧光参数及果实品质的影响[J]. 经济林研究,2023,41(4):133-141. LI H, XIE Z Q, LI B Y. Effects of humic acid organic fertilizer on photosynthetic fluorescence parameters and fruit quality of Ziziphus jujuba cv. Lingwuchangzao[J]. Non-wood Forest Research,2023,41(4):133-141.
[13]	李慧, 李百云. 黄腐酸钾对灵武长枣氮素吸收、分配及利用的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学,2024,63(1):42-46. LI H, LI B Y. Effects of fulvic acid potassium on nitrogen absorption, distribution and utilization of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2024,63(1):42-46.
[14]	MA Y Q, WOOLF D, FAN M S, et al. Global crop production increase by soil organic carbon[J]. Nature Geoscience,2023,16:1159-1165. doi: 10.1038/s41561-023-01302-3
[15]	杨海波, 陈运, 侯宪文. 生物腐植酸对土壤碳组分的影响[J]. 中国农学通报,2015,31(20):137-141. YANG H B, CHEN Y, HOU X W. Effects of biology humic acid on the component of soil carbon[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(20):137-141.
[16]	韩康, 黄春燕, 苏文斌, 等. 腐植酸型改良剂对盐碱地甜菜生长发育的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料,2023(11):189-194. doi: 10.11838/sfsc.1673-6257.22656 HAN K, HUANG C Y, SU W B, et al. Effects of humic acid conditioners on the growth and development of sugar beet in saline-alkali soil[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2023(11):189-194. doi: 10.11838/sfsc.1673-6257.22656
[17]	包日在, 孔海民, 李岗, 等. 基施黄腐酸钾对大棚杨梅营养生长及果实品质的影响[J]. 中国南方果树,2024,53(3):171-174. BAO R Z, KONG H M, LI G, et al. Effects of basal application of potassium fulvic acid on the vegetative growth and fruit quality of bayberry in greenhouse[J]. South China Fruits,2024,53(3):171-174.
[18]	余小芬, 吴攀道, 雷轶玲, 等. 含腐植酸水溶肥料对杨梅果实产量和品质的影响[J]. 西南农业学报,2019,32(10):2355-2359. YU X F, WU P D, LEI Y L, et al. Effects of humic acid soluble fertilizer on yield and quality of Chinese bayberry[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2019,32(10):2355-2359.
[19]	朱会调, 高登涛, 白茹, 等. 黄腐酸对土壤养分、葡萄品质和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学,2021,58(4):672-681. ZHU H D, GAO D T, BAI R, et al. Effects of fulvic acid on soil nutrients, grape quality and yield[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2021,58(4):672-681.
[20]	朱会调, 高登涛, 白茹, 等. 黄腐酸对阳光玫瑰葡萄果实品质及产量的影响[J]. 石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2021,39(5):590-596. ZHU H D, GAO D T, BAI R, et al. Effects of fulvic acid on berry quality and yield of Shine Muscat grape[J]. Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science),2021,39(5):590-596.
[21]	李莉, 郝莉, 热甫开提, 等. 腐植酸复混肥对新疆膜下滴灌加工番茄产量和品质的影响[J]. 北方园艺,2018(8):114-122. LI L, HAO L, RE F, et al. Effect of applied different humic acid compound fertilizer on yield and quality of processing tomatoes under mulch drip irrigation in Xinjiang[J]. Northern Horticulture,2018(8):114-122.
[22]	汪亚龙, 钟纯, 余赟, 等. 矿源黄腐酸钾和生物有机肥不同配比对番茄生长和产量的影响[J]. 腐植酸,2023(3):51-56. WANG Y L, ZHONG C, YU Y, et al. Effects of different ratios of mineral based potassium fulvate and bio-organic fertilizer on tomato growth and yield[J]. Humic Acid,2023(3):51-56.
[23]	王森, 韩思训, 耿兵, 等. 不同施肥条件下生物腐植酸对磷的转化效果分析[J]. 中国农业气象,2013,34(5):551-556. WANG S, HAN S X, GENG B, et al. Effects of phosphorus transformation by bio-active humic acid under different fertilization[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2013,34(5):551-556.
[24]	刘丽, 魏志峰, 石彩云, 等. 海藻水溶肥和黄腐酸水溶肥对富士苹果树体生长及果实品质的影响[J]. 果树学报,2023,40(5):893-901. LIU L, WEI Z F, SHI C Y, et al. Effects of alginate water soluble fertilizer and fulvic acid water soluble fertilizer on tree growth and fruit quality of Fuji apple[J]. Journal of Fruit Science,2023,40(5):893-901.
[25]	CANELLAS L P, TEIXEIRA L R L Jr, DOBBSS L B, et al. Humic acids crossinteractions with root and organic acids[J]. Annals of Applied Biology,2008,153(2):157-166. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2008.00249.x
[26]	CALVO P, NELSON L, KLOEPPER J W. Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants[J]. Plant and Soil,2014,383(1):3-41.
[27]	陈环宇, 何苏南, 汤康, 等. 叶面喷施黄腐酸钾对玉米幼苗光合特性的影响[J]. 大麦与谷类科学,2024(1):43-48. CHEN H Y, HE S N, TANG K, et al. Effect of foliar spraying of potassium fulvic acid on photosynthetic characteristics of maize seedlings[J]. Barley and Cereal Sciences,2024(1):43-48.
[28]	秦诗涵, 孙继光, 常坤, 等. 松嫩平原黑土区土壤有机质含量时空变化及其影响因素[J/OL]. 农业资源与环境学报. [2024-05-09]. https://doi.org/10.13254/j.jare.2023.0623.
[29]	王理德, 王方琳, 郭春秀, 等. 土壤酶学硏究进展[J]. 土壤,2016,48(1):12-21. WANG L D, WANG F L, GUO C X, et al. Review: progress of soil enzymology[J]. Soils,2016,48(1):12-21.
[30]	乌日查呼,张卫青,张旭冉,等. 短期休牧对克氏针茅草原土壤蔗糖酶活性土壤有机质及pH的影响[J]. 农业与技术,2020,40(10):13-
[31]	钱成宇, 郭景丽, 任荣奎, 等. 腐植酸尿素对土壤矿质氮含量及生菜品质的影响[J]. 中国瓜菜,2024,37(1):110-116. QIAN C Y, GUO J L, REN R K, et al. Impacts of humic acid urea on soil mineral N content and quality of lettuce[J]. China Cucurbits And Vegetables,2024,37(1):110-116.
[32]	彭正萍, 门明新, 薛世川, 等. 腐植酸复合肥对土壤养分转化和土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 河北农业大学学报,2005,28(4):1-4. PENG Z P, MEN M X, XUE S C, et al. Effects of humic acid (HA) compound fertilizer on the conversion of soil nutrient and activities of soil enzyme[J]. Journal of Hebei Agricultural University,2005,28(4):1-4.
[33]	吴崇书, 孟赐福, 吕晓男, 等. 红壤施用不同磷源对油菜产量和经济效益的影响[J]. 耕作与栽培,2002(3):42-43.
[34]	陈玉娣, 关佩聪. 蕹菜的生长和养分吸收特性[J]. 长江蔬菜,1990(5):38-39. ⊕