Effects of biochar addition on different forms of nitrogen in facility agricultural soils under various fertilization regimes
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摘要:
生物炭在设施农业土壤中施用，对土壤氮形态具有显著影响。探明不同施肥处理添加生物炭对设施农业土壤不同形态氮的影响，可为设施农业施用生物炭减排提供科学依据。以设施菜地土壤（褐潮土）为研究对象，设置不施肥（CK）、施用有机肥（M）、化肥（F）、有机无机混施（M+F）4种处理下投入2%和4%（生物炭与土壤干质量比）生物炭处理，采用室内恒温好氧培养-气相色谱测定方法监测土壤N2O释放量，测定土壤中可溶性有机氮（DON）和无机氮（Nmin）的含量，并分析DON、Nmin含量变化及其与土壤N2O释放量变化之间的关系。研究表明，生物炭的施用在不同条件下对土壤N2O的释放速率和累积释放量产生不同影响。在CK和M处理下，生物炭在施用初期（第0~1.5天）显著促进了土壤中N2O的释放，但随后（第2~60天），在CK处理下，生物炭的添加对N2O的释放速率和累积释放量没有产生显著影响。同样地，在M处理下，生物炭的添加也未对N2O的释放速率产生显著作用。然而，在培养结束时，添加4%的生物炭显著提高了土壤中N2O的累积释放量。值得注意的是，在F和M+F的处理中，生物炭的加入在初期阶段（第0~2天）有效地降低了土壤N2O的释放速率，这种降低效果随着生物炭施用量的增加而变得更加显著。在F和M+F处理下，添加生物炭在不同时间段内（第2~25天和第3~14天）显著增加了土壤N2O释放速率，但对该速率的影响在后续阶段并不显著。培养结束后，F处理下，添加2%和4%生物炭的土壤N2O累积释放量分别显著提高78%和90%；M+F处理下，添加2%和4%生物炭的土壤N2O累积释放量分别显著提高80%和67%。相关性分析结果显示，在施用生物炭的土壤中，DON和Nmin的含量与N2O的排放量之间存在明显的正相关关系。表明生物炭的添加通过调整土壤中DON和Nmin的含量，对N2O的排放产生了直接影响。将生物炭投入到不同的施肥土壤中，土壤N2O的释放速率和累积释放量出现不同的变化趋势，但是由于生物炭自身特性的多样性、配施化肥和有机肥种类的差异、施肥方式和时间的差异等，因此分析生物炭添加后对土壤N2O累积释放量影响时，需要根据研究时的具体条件做合理分析。
Abstract:Biochar application in facility agriculture soil has a significant impact on the forms of soil nitrogen. Clarifying the effects of different fertilization treatments with the addition of biochar on various forms of nitrogen in the soil of facility agriculture can provide a scientific basis for emission reduction through the application of biochar in facility agriculture. The dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and inorganic nitrogen (Nmin) in soil were measured in greenhouse vegetable soil (brown fluvio-aquic soil) after biochar application under different fertilization regimes (no fertilizer (CK), manure (M), chemical fertilizer (F), chemical fertilizer plus manure (M+F), using indoor constant temperature aerobic cultivation and gas chromatography. Incubation was carried out to investigate N2O release and the contents of DON, Nmin after 2% (biochar/dry soil) and 4% biochar application under the different fertilization regimes. The influence of biochar addition on soil N2O releases was studied, and the correlation between the changes in DON and Nmin contents and soil N2O releases was analyzed. The research indicated that the application of biochar had different effects on the release rate and cumulative release of soil N2O under different conditions. Under CK and M patterns, biochar application significantly increased the rate and amount of soil N2O release in the early period (0-1.5 d). During 2-60 d, biochar application had no significant effect on the rate and amount of soil N2O release in CK pattern. Biochar application had no significant effect on the soil N2O release rate, but 4% biochar at the end of the incubation significantly increased the cumulative soil N2O release in M pattern. In F and M+F treatments, biochar application reduced the soil N2O release rate in the early period (0-2 d), with an increasingly apparent effect as the amount of biochar applied increased. In F and M+F treatments, biochar application significantly increased the soil N2O release rate during 2-25 and 3-14 d, respectively, but the effect on the rate was not significant in the subsequent stages. After cultivation, the cumulative soil N2O release in F and M+F treatments with 2% and 4% biochar application were significantly increased by 78% and 90%, 80% and 67%, respectively. The correlation analysis results showed that there was an obvious positive correlation between DON and Nmin contents and N2O emission with biochar application. The addition of biochar had a direct impact on N2O release by adjusting the contents of DON and Nmin in the soil. The release rate and cumulative release of N2O from different fertilized soils showed different trends when biochar was added. However, due to the diversity of biochar properties, the variation in types of chemical and organic fertilizers, and differences in fertilization methods and timing, a reasonable analysis was required based on the specific conditions of the study when assessing the impact of biochar addition on soil N2O cumulative release.
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Key words:
- biochar /
- fertilization pattern /
- N2O /
- dissolved organic nitrogen in soil /
- soil inorganic nitrogen
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图 1 不同施肥处理下土壤中N2O释放速率
Figure 1. Release rates of N2O in soil under different treatments during incubation
图 2 不同施肥处理下土壤中N2O累积释放量
Figure 2. Accumulative release of N2O in soil under different treatments duirng incubation
图 3 不同施肥处理下土壤中DON含量动态变化
Figure 3. Dynamics of DON content in soil in different treatments during incubation
图 4 不同施肥处理下土壤中Nmin含量动态变化
Figure 4. Dynamics of Nmin content in soil under different treatments during incubation
图 5 生物炭添加处理中DON、Nmin含量与N2O累积释放量之间的相关性
注：**表示在P<0.01水平上显著相关。
Figure 5. Correlation between DON, Nmin contents and N2O cumulative release under different treatments with biochar addition
表 1 添加物料的基本性质
Table 1. Basic properties of materials used
物料 有机碳含
量/（g/kg）TN含量/
（g/kg）TP含量/
（g/kg）TK含量/
（g/kg）pH 有机肥 138.1 14.13 6.33 30.88 8.09 生物炭 374.4 2.25 1.9 15.18 9.76 
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表 2 不同处理的肥料以及C、N添加量
Table 2. Amount of materials added and input of C and N in different treatments
处理 鲜土质量/g 商品有机肥
添加量/g尿素添加
量/g生物炭
添加量/gCK 71.43 M 71.43 1.8 F 71.43 0.054 5 M+F 71.43 1.8 0.054 5 B1 71.43 1.2 B2 71.43 2.4 M+B1 71.43 1.8 1.2 M+B2 71.43 1.8 2.4 F+B1 71.43 0.054 5 1.2 F+B2 71.43 0.054 5 2.4 M+F+B1 71.43 1.8 0.054 5 1.2 M+F+B2 71.43 1.8 0.054 5 2.4
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