Soil nutrient status in tea gardens on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and their effects on tea quality
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摘要:
为揭示云贵高原茶园土壤环境因子与茶叶品质之间的关系，更科学地为茶叶品质优化提供理论依据，以贵州省3个主要茶产区的茶园土壤和茶叶为研究对象，于2022年6月采集52份土壤样品和对应采样点的茶叶样品，测定土壤中养分和微量元素含量以及茶叶品质参数。结果表明，贵州省茶园土壤Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Mo含量分别为82.67~135.80、0.53~1.68、2.94~5.60、16.26~97.80、0.03~0.07 mg/kg，微量元素含量丰富，能够为茶树提供丰富的微量元素来源；SOM、pH分别为49.59~68.64 g/kg和4.45~4.70，能够为茶树提供良好的生长环境。作为典型的Mn富集植物，贵州省茶叶中Mn的富集系数最高，Mo和Fe富集系数较低，Zn和Cu在不同种植地区有差异。随机森林结果表明，对茶叶中的游离氨基酸含量影响较大的是茶园土壤中的Zn、TP和TN，对茶多酚含量影响较大的是土壤TN、pH和TP，对咖啡碱含量影响较大的是土壤pH、TK和TN，对茶叶水浸出物含量影响较大的是土壤TK、Mn和Fe。研究显示，土壤养分含量对茶叶品质影响较大，微量元素对茶叶品质影响较小。
Abstract:In order to reveal the relationship between soil environmental factors and tea quality in tea gardens on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and to provide the theoretical basis for tea quality optimization more scientifically, 52 soil samples and corresponding tea samples were collected from three major tea-producing areas in Guizhou Province to determine the nutrient and trace element contents in the soil and tea quality parameters in June 2022. The results showed that the range of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Mo contents of tea plantation soils in Guizhou Province were 82.67-135.80, 0.53-1.68, 2.94-5.60, 16.26-97.80, and 0.03-0.07 mg/kg, respectively, which were rich in trace elements and able to provide a rich source of trace elements for the tea tree. Soil organic matter content and pH were 49.59~68.64 g/kg and 4.45~4.70, respectively, which could provide a good growing environment for tea trees. As a typical Mn-enriched plant, tea in Guizhou Province had the highest Mn enrichment coefficient, the lowest Mo and Fe enrichment coefficients, and Zn and Cu varied in different planting areas. Results based on the random forest model showed that Zn, TP and TN in tea garden soil had the greatest influence on free amino acid content in tea, TN, pH and TP had the greatest influence on polyphenol content, pH, TK and TN had the greatest influence on caffeine content, and TK, Mn and Fe had the greatest influence on water leachate content of tea. The study showed that soil nutrient contents had a greater influence on tea quality, while trace elements had a lesser effect on tea quality.
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Key words:
- trace elements /
- soil nutrients /
- enrichment characteristics /
- random forest /
- tea quality
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图 2 不同土壤深度下土壤养分含量
注：同一图中不同小写字母代表样地间差异显著（P<0.05）。全文同。
Figure 2. Soil nutrient contents at different soil depths
图 3 茶园不同深度土壤中微量元素、SOM含量和pH
Figure 3. Comparison of micronutrients, SOM content and pH in tea plantation soils at different depths
图 4 土壤中微量元素、养分含量与茶叶品质的相关性
Figure 4. Correlation between micronutrients, nutrients and tea quality in tea garden soil
图 5 基于随机森林模型的土壤环境因子对茶叶品质的影响
Figure 5. Effect of soil environmental factors on tea quality based on random forest model
表 1 茶园土壤中有效态微量元素和养分含量分级标准
Table 1. Grading criteria for effective state trace elements and nutrient contents in tea plantation soil
项目 分级 Ⅰ（丰富） Ⅱ（中等） Ⅲ（缺乏） Fe/(mg/kg) >10.0 4.5~10.0 <4.5 Mn/(mg/kg) >30.0 15.0~30.0 <15.0 Zn/(mg/kg) >2.0 0.5~2.0 <0.5 Cu/(mg/kg) >2.0 1.0~2.0 <1.0 Mo/(mg/kg) >5.0 0.3~5.0 <0.3 SOM/(g/kg) >20.00 15.0~20.0 <15.0 TN/(g/kg) >1.0 0.8~1.0 <0.8 TP/(g/kg) >1.0 0.4~1.0 <0.4 TK/(g/kg) >10.0 5.0~10.0 <5.0 AN/(mg/kg) >120.0 90~120 <90.0 AP/(mg/kg) >20.0 5.0~20.0 <5.0 AK/(mg/kg) >100.0 60.0~100.0 <60.0 
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表 2 贵州省茶叶中微量元素的富集系数
Table 2. Enrichment coefficient of trace elements in tea plantation soils in Guizhou Province
微量元素 贵定县 都匀市 湄潭县 Fe 0.00±0.00a 0.00±0.00a 0.00±0.00a Cu 1.16±0.55b 4.93±1.59a 0.44±0.26b Zn 0.75±0.40ab 1.43±0.83a 0.50±0.38b Mn 8.66±5.22b 16.40±91a 5.07±3.18b Mo 0.18±0.06a 0.03±0.01b 0.02±0.01b 注：同一行不同小写字母代表样地间差异显著（P<0.05）。
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表 3 研究区及其他地区茶园土壤微量元素含量
Table 3. Soil micronutrient content of tea plantations in the study area and other areas
mg/kg
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