Abstract: It is of great significance for the sustainable development of the agriculture and forestry ecology of Chongming Island in Shanghai to scientifically evaluate the storage status of agricultural and forestry soil nutrients and expound their spatial distribution characteristics. According to four main agricultural and forestry planting types (grain field, vegetable field, orchard and ecological forest) and three representative soil types (paddy soil, tidal soil and coastal saline soil), 100 soil samples of 0-20 cm were collected to analyze the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of agricultural and forestry soil nutrients of Chongming Island. The results showed that the average pH and electrical conductivity (EC) values of agricultural and forestry soils of Chongming Island were 7.99, 0.56 mS/cm, respectively, and the average organic matter content was 17.29 g/kg, belonging to the lower middle level; the average total nitrogen content was 1.91 g/kg, belonging to the rich level; and the average total phosphorus content was 1.33 g/kg, belonging to the upper middle level. The agricultural and forestry soil of Chongming Island was basically alkaline, with lower EC value in the central part, higher soil organic matter in the southern and central part and lower in the eastern part. Total nitrogen content was at a relatively high level in the middle and low in the west. The distribution pattern of total phosphorus was higher in the middle and decreased gradually from south to northeast and southeast. There were significant differences in soil nutrient indexes under different planting methods. Grain field had the highest organic matter content (19.20 g/kg) and vegetable field had the highest total nitrogen content (2.17 g/kg). Soil EC value and total phosphorus content were in the order of vegetable field > orchard > grain field > ecological forest. The contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in different soil types were paddy soil > tidal soil > coastal salt soil, while the highest organic matter content of tidal soil was 18.00 g/kg, with the lowest EC value. The distribution of agricultural and forestry soil nutrients of Chongming Island was significantly affected by planting methods. In summary, the selection of rice planting mode is conducive to the improvement of agricultural and forestry soil nutrients of Chongming Island.