环境工程技术学报

2019 Vol.9, No.1

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2019, 9(1): .

Abstract(207) PDF(8122KB)(20)

Abstract:

Emission characteristics and impact factors of road fugitive dust in Yanqing District, Beijing City

WANG Kai, FAN Shoubin, SUN Gaihong, QI Haoyun

2019, 9(1): 1-7. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.001

Abstract(674) PDF(7293KB)(98)

Abstract:
56 fugitive dust samples from different levels of paved roads in Yanqing District of Beijing City were collected. Based on the collected activity data of vehicle flows, vehicle constitutes and road length, road fugitive dust emission factors and inventories of Yanqing District were developed following the AP-42 methodologies, and its impact factors were analyzed. The results showed that the average dust load were 0.54, 0.56, 0.71, 0.97, 1.35 and 2.55 g/m² for highways, national roads, provincial roads, prefectural roads, rural and village roads, respectively. The average fugitive dust emission factors of total suspended particulate (TSP), PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were 16.95, 3.25 and 0.78 g/km per vehicle, whose emission inventories were 48 507, 9 311 and 2 255 t/a, respectively. Road shoulders, stable roadsides and favorable road conditions could contribute to a reduction of road fugitive dust emission. Areas with high driving mileage were concentrated in urban areas and main roads, which was almost consistent with the distribution of road fugitive dust density.

Experimental study on ozone denitration of a biomass circulating fluidized bed boiler

ZHANG Jianping, WAN Kaidi, WANG Rongtao, XU Chaoqun, JIA Weiwei, WANG Zhihua

2019, 9(1): 8-13. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.002

Abstract(698) PDF(940KB)(208)

Abstract:
In order to reveal the characteristics of reactive molecular ozone denitrification in biomass boilers, a flue gas ozone denitrification test was carried out on a biomass circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler using reactive molecular ozone ultra-low emission technology. A flue gas analyzer was used to measure the flue gas components at the positions before the injection of reactive molecular ozone and at the top of the chimney. The emission characteristics of flue gas pollutants before and after denitrification and the effect of ozone dosage on denitration were investigated. The results showed that the boiler load and the initial concentrations of pollutants such as CO and NO_x fluctuated due to the strong random variation of moisture and calorific value of the biomass fuel. The averaged initial concentration of NO_x in the flue gas was 146 mg/m³, while the highest value was 480 mg/m³. The instantaneous concentration of NO_x had a very strong linear correlation with the oxygen content with the regression coefficient R²=0.96. With the increase of ozone dosage, the denitration efficiency increased from 24% at the ozone generator power level of 118 kW to 95% at 250 kW. After the application of reactive molecular ozone denitration technology, the NO_x concentration in the flue gas stayed below 15 mg/m³ with the ozone generator power level of 250 kW, meeting the ultra-low emission standard.

PM_2.5 prediction model based on weighted KNN-BP neural network

ZHAO Wenyi, XIA Lisha, GAO Guangkuo, CHENG Li

2019, 9(1): 14-18. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.003

Abstract(761) PDF(10180KB)(78)

Abstract:
Through the weighted KNN-BP neural network method determined by membership function , the dynamic real-time prediction model of PM_2.5 concentration was established. The concentration of six pollutants, i.e. PM_2.5, PM₁₀, NO₂, CO, O₃ and SO₂, six meteorological data including weather condition, temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed and wind direction in the first hour, as well as the days of a week and the hours of the days for projection were regarded as the dimensions of the KNN instance. Three nearest neighbors were selected and, according to the Euclidean distance obtained, the membership weight of each neighbor point variable determined. Finally, the dimension of all nearest neighbor points were taken as the input layer of BP neural network, and the next hour PM_2.5 concentration to be predicted as the output layer data. The method avoided the problem that the traditional BP neural network method failed to reflect the influence of the data in the historical window on the current predicting. The data of 2014-05-01 from 00:00 to 23:00 2014-09-10 in Dongcheng District monitoring station in Beijing was tested. The results showed that the prediction model with weighted KNN-BP neural network had the lowest deviation compared with other methods, and the stability showed the best. Therefore, this model is an effective method for the PM_2.5 real time prediction.

2019, 9(1): 19-20.

Abstract(431) PDF(9957KB)(90)

Abstract:

Study on membrane bioreactor-ultra low-pressure selective nanofiltration for municipal wastewater treatment

ZHANG Hengliang, DUAN Liang, YAO Meicheng, WEI Jian, HUANG Yuhua

2019, 9(1): 21-27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.004

Abstract(661) PDF(2059KB)(254)

Abstract:
A pilot-scale experimental device of membrane bioreactor-ultra low-pressure selective nanofiltration (MBR-DF) was constructed to improve the quality of recycled water and the reduction of sludge. The MBR-DF hybrid system was used to treat the municipal sewage and operated in a zero-sludge manner, and a conventional activated sludge process (CAS) was established at the same time. The influent contents of COD, $NH^{+}_{4}$-N, TN and TP were 87.0-165.7, 14.0-31.0, 14.2-32.4, and 2.5-3.3 mg/L, respectively. The results showed that the concentrated water zero-emission MBR-DF system had a good removal effect on COD, $NH^{+}_{4}$-N and $PO_{4}^{3-}$, with the removal rates of 95.7%, 99.0% and 68.5%, respectively. The removal rates of TDS and $HCO^{-}_{3}$ were 13.5% and 31.1% accordingly, and the total hardness of the effluent could be reduced effectively. The DF membrane had a significant retention effect on $PO_{4}^{3-}$ and $SO_{4}^{2-}$, had a poor retention effect on $NO^{-}_{3}$ and had no retention effect on $HCO^{-}_{3}$. After the influent DOM was passed through MBR-DF system, only a small amount of tryptophan-like substances remained. The UV₂₅₄ reduction rate of the influent DOM was 94.9% and the DOC removal rate was above 98.0% in the MBR-DF system. The degree of conversion of humus to non-humus was higher in the effluent DOM. The removal rates of 17-β estradiol (E2) by MBR-DF system and CAS system were 99.9% and 70.8%, respectively. Therefore, MBR-DF system could effectively reduce the health hazards and ecological threats of effluent in recycling.

Catalytic ozonation of penicillin G in aqueous phase using modified natural zeolite supported cerium

REN Yuezhong, ZHANG Jiawen, WEI Jian, DUAN Liang, XU Dongyao, WANG Jian

2019, 9(1): 28-35. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.005

Abstract(603) PDF(7864KB)(45)

Abstract:
Cerium-loaded treated nature zeolite (Ce-NZ) was prepared by equal volume impregnation method and was used as a catalyst for the ozonation of Penicillin G (PCN) in aqueous solution.The catalyst was characterized by particle surface area analysis (BET), scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectrum (SEM-EDS), transmission electron (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Characterizations results suggested that the prepared samples retained the surface structure of natural zeolite and the CeO₂ particle was evenly loaded on the surface of zeolite supports. Ce-NZ catalytic ozonation of PCN in water showed that the catalyst had good catalytic activity. Under the conditions of PCN concentration 50 mg/L, ozone dosage 6 mg/min and reaction time 2 h, the mineralization efficiency of 4% Ce-NZ catalyst for PCN catalytic ozonation reached 31%, 22% higher than ozonation reaction alone. The catalytic activity of the samples slowly increased with metal loading amount and the 4% Ce loading amount was chosen as the optimum condition. The initial pH of the solution also had significant effect on the reaction, and the catalytic oxidation removal rate increased with the increasing of pH. The prepared Ce-NZ catalyst had high stability, and no marked difference of catalytic activity was seen after 10 times repeated use.

Screening and degradation characterization of fosfomycin-degrading bacterial strains

XIE Xiaolin, ZENG Ping, QIAN Feng, WEI Jian, TIAN Zhiyong, DUAN Liang

2019, 9(1): 36-43. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.006

Abstract(505) PDF(7672KB)(40)

Abstract:
Fosfomycin-degradation strains were isolated from acclimated activated sludge feeding fosfomycin as the sole carbon source. Three fosfomycin-degradation strains, named F1, F2 and F3, were screened out and their morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rDNA sequence were analysed to identify the genus and the growth characteristics. Strain F3 had a faster growth adaptation period, and was selected to study the degradation of fosfomycin. The effects of operation parameters such as temperature and pH on fosfomycin degradation were explored, and the degradation process was fitted by the first-order kinetic equation. The results showed that strain F1 belonged to Microbacterium sp. and strain F2 and F3 both belonged to Cupriavidus sp. The degradation process of fosfomycin of strain F3 was affected by temperature and pH. The optimal conditions were pH 5.0 and temperature 20 ℃ when the inoculum was 20%, the rotation speed was 150 r/min, and the fosfomycin concentration was 20 mg/L. The degradation process fitted well with pseudo-first-order kinetic model, and the correlation coefficient R² exceeded 0.88. When pH was 5.0 and temperature was 20 ℃, the half-life period was 31.36 d.

Evaluation and obstacle factors study of water environmental carrying capacity in the Pearl River Delta

XU Zhiqing, LIU Xueyu, XIAO Shuhu, DUAN Liang, DENG Qiyu, LI Jie

2019, 9(1): 44-52. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.007

Abstract(856) PDF(3915KB)(197)

Abstract:
To comprehensively understand the development of water environmental carrying capacity in the Pearl River Delta and better promote the construction of ecological civilization, 19 indicators were selected to construct an evaluation index system from the three subsystems of economy, water environment and water resources. Entropy weighting method and obstacle degree model were used to evaluate and analyze the carrying capacity and obstacle factors of nine cities in the Pearl River Delta in 2015. The results showed that the average evaluation index of water environmental carrying capacity was 0.507, and the overall performance was moderate, but the regional differences were significant: Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Guangzhou had the best performance, and Foshan, Dongguan and Jiangmen had relatively low level of carrying capacity. From the analysis of obstacle degree, the freshwater resource per capita was the dominant obstacle factor affecting the water environmental carrying capacity with an obstacle degree of 9.9%, and there were also spatial differences in the obstacle degree of each subsystem in the region. Based on the characteristics of economic development in the Pearl River Delta, corresponding suggestions for improving its water environmental carrying capacity were put forward.

Exploration on planning of ecological civilization construction:a case study of Wencheng County in Zhejiang Province

HAN Lu, LI Mingyue, YAN Xiaohan, BAO Zhuxiang, DUAN Liang

2019, 9(1): 53-60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.008

Abstract(799) PDF(14298KB)(74)

Abstract:
In the construction of ecological civilization in China, the basic background and the socioeconomic development level of different regions are obviously different, so it is impossible to copy a model. Precise analysis of the construction of regional ecological civilization is an inevitable choice for the compilation of ecological civilization planning. A general framework for the compilation of ecological civilization planning program suitable for local characteristics were put forward. Taking Wencheng County as an example, and focusing on its natural resources and ecological environment advantages, the restrictive indicators of spatial pattern, industrial development, environmental quality and livable life in the construction of ecological civilization in the county were analyzed. An index system for the planning of ecological civilization construction in Wencheng County was set up according to related national requirements. Aiming at the restrictive indicators, a series of tasks and measures were put forward, such as optimizing ecological spatial patterns, accelerating the development of eco-industry, improving the quality of ecological environment, and strengthening system, culture and life construction. Finally, the expected implementation benefits and achievability of planning objectives were analyzed.

Analysis on source control of health risk in planning environmental impact assessment

WANG Hongmei, HE Lei, SHEN Peng, HUANG Xiang, CHEN Chen, ZHAO Ci, LIU Xiaoyu, LÜ Shihai

2019, 9(1): 61-65. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.009

Abstract(697) PDF(854KB)(219)

Abstract:
Planning environmental impact assessment (PEIA) has been one of the most important source control measures to prevent the environmental risk. However, the current practice of PEIA lacks the health risk assessment index system, and thus weaks its integrity and effectiveness greatly. Compared to the traditional four-step health risk assessment procedure, environmental planning health risk assessment (EPHRA) has more implications, which not only interacts with the environmental planning, but also owns systematic, contextual, and reverse restriction to the environmental planning. The core objective of EPHRA is to design greener, and more environmentally friendly and reasonable industrial structures and systems through scientific and systemic environmental health impact assessment. Based on the core index of health risk tolerance, it aims at providing suitable guide to the health protection by adjusting the spatial layout and the emission limitation for the risk sources through the scenario analysis of health benefit and loss and the projection of industrial development. To make up the “gap” of health index missing of EPHRA, itwas suggested that EPHRA technique should be developed as soon as possible, and EPHRA technical guidelines and specifications be promoted, so as to ensure the effective practice of the mandatory health constraints on PEIA.

Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in Baiyangdian Lake

GAO Qiusheng, TIAN Ziqiang, JIAO Lixin, DING Lin, YANG Suwen, HAO Zifeng, CUI Zhidan, JIA Haibin

2019, 9(1): 66-75. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.010

Abstract(1246) PDF(2661KB)(282)

Abstract:
In order to survey the present heavy metals pollution of the main surface water in Xiongan New Area-Baiyangdian, 15 points were set up to study the distribution characteristics of heavy metals concentrations in surface water and sediment of Baiyangdian Lake, and the pollution degree of surface water and sediment of the lake was assessed by the methods of comprehensive pollution index, index of geo-accumulation and potential ecological risk index. The changes of heavy metal concentration and potential ecological risk index from 2004 to 2016 were also analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in water were 2.38, 6.56, 5.57, 67.17, 4.13, 0.034, 0.39 μg/L, respectively. Among them, Cu and Zn at the Shaochedian site, and Zn at Zhainan, Luowangdian, Quantou, Zaolinzhuang, Guangdianzhangzhuang, Guolikou and Anxin Bridge sites exceeded Class Ⅰ of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB 3838-2002). Other sites were better than Class Ⅰ water quality standards, Cr, As, Cd and Pb were better than Class Ⅰ water quality standards in all points. The concentrations of heavy metals Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb in sediment were 48.53, 25.51, 28.83, 91.19, 161.51, 3.21, 45.26 mg/kg, respectively. Cr and Ni were better than Class Ⅰ of Soil Environmental Quality Standard (GB 15618-1995) in all points, while Cu, Zn and Pb were better than Class Ⅱ standards in all points. As and Cd were both significantly higher than Class Ⅲ standards in all points. The comprehensive pollution index showed that there was no heavy metals pollution in Baiyangdian surface water, while the accumulation index and potential ecological risk index indicated that Cd pollution in Baiyangdian sediments was extremely serious and As was also seriously polluted, which should be paid enough attention to. The concentrations of As, Cd and Pb significantly increased from 2003 to 2014, and Cd contributed more than 83% to the historical heavy metal potential ecological risk index, especially, being the main pollution factor. Therefore, the control of Cd pollution into the lake and sediment should be strengthened.

Study on removal and desorption capacity of phosphate from water with NiFe-LDHs

WANG Cheng, XU Qiujin, HU Xiaozhen, YANG Feng, YU Xiaomei

2019, 9(1): 76-81. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.011

Abstract(618) PDF(4504KB)(160)

Abstract:
The removal and recovery of phosphorus from wastewater in an efficient and cost-effective way are critical for resolving the phosphorus crisis. The ultra-thin Ni_xFe-LDHs nanosheets with different molar ratio of Ni:Fe were fabricated by a co-precipitation method combined with ultrasonic treatment. The Zeta position and crystallinity played an important role in promoting the adsorption of LDH, which were observed in the relationship between the Zeta position, crystallinity and the molar ratio of Ni :Fe. When the molar ratio of Ni :Fe was 2 :1, the amount of phosphate adsorption could reach 248.00 mg/g. The regenerative efficiency of Ni₂Fe-LDHs was still up to 59.2% after adsorption and desorption for six cycles through proper regeneration technology.

Study on treatment of black and odorous water by KMnO₄ pre-oxidation enhanced coagulation process

LIU Yanan, YANG Yanmei, LI Junchao, WANG Hongliang, TAN Wei, WANG Kai, DONG Liwei, JIANG Jinyuan

2019, 9(1): 82-88. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.012

Abstract(456) PDF(7179KB)(83)

Abstract:
The removal effect of organic pollutants in black and odorous water by KMnO₄ pre-oxidation combined with conventional coagulating sedimentation treatment processes was studied. The flocculation performance of various coagulant flocculation treatment was analyzed, and the removal effects of CO$D_{Cr}$, UV₂₅₄ and turbidity before and after adding potassium permanganate compared and analyzed. The test results showed that KMnO₄ pre-oxidation technology could strengthen the poly ferric magnesium silicate (PFMS) coagulating sedimentation process to remove organic pollutants. In the entire dosage range of the coagulation test, the PFMS coagulant had a great effect on the black and odorous water turbidity. The removal rate of turbidity was much higher than that of poly aluminum chloride and ferric chloride coagulants. The results of SEM characterization showed that the PFMS was aggregated in a tree-like shape, which could enhance the functions of adsorption bridging and net replenishment in the coagulation process. When the pH of raw water was 8, the dosage of KMnO₄ was 25 mg/L, and the pre-oxidation time was 25 minutes, the highest COD_Cr removal rate of 81.76% could be reached, which was 12.15 percent higher than the single coagulating sedimentation process, while the highest UV₂₅₄ removal rate was 49.44%, increased by 11.71 percent compared with the single coagulating sedimentation. The turbidity removal rate of black and odorous water before and after adding KMnO₄ was both above 90%.

Water pollution characteristics and whole process control technologies in preserved fruit industry

LUO Yuchi, YANG Shewei, ZHANG Peng, ZHAO Ya, LIU Junying

2019, 9(1): 89-95. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.013

Abstract(641) PDF(942KB)(189)

Abstract:
In terms of specific water pollution problem derived from the processing of preserved fruit in southern China, the origin and characteristics of the wastewater were analyzed, and a systematic study on the technical route, approaches and processes of water saving, waste utilization and wastewater treatment in the industry performed. From a perspective of cleaner production and based on a whole processing control technical route, i.e. “source water saving, intermediate pollutant control, end treatment”, a water saving technology using ultrasonic wave and water recycling was proposed for cleaning fruits and vegetables and desalination and rinse of fruit billet. From a perspective of circular economy, a comprehensive utilization technology by curing-liquid vacuum concentration and ion exchange was proposed for low-salt drink production and crystalloid salt recycling; the waste sugar solution as well as by-product waste were recycled through filtration, clarification and decoloration by this technology. From a perspective of emission reduction, a combined biological and desalination technology was proposed for the treatment of wastewater aiming at its high salt and COD and highly variable water quality. Moreover, cleaner transformation and intensive development suggestions which could help to save water resources, reduce wastewater discharges and promote cleaner production level were proposed to promote the sustainable development of the preserved fruit industry.

Advance of research on urban non-point source pollution control by bioretention facilities

JIANG Dengling, ZHANG Danrong, HE Liansheng, HU Chunming, WANG Gongting, HUO Chuan, MENG Rui

2019, 9(1): 96-102. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.015

Abstract(557) PDF(1243KB)(274)

Abstract:
Bioretention is one of the effective measures to control urban non-point source pollutions. A synthetic analysis of its structure, hydrologic effects, purification mechanisms and influence factors was presented. Bioretention can mitigate the stormwater and peak flow volume. It can effectively reduce the concentration of total suspended solids, particulate matter, heavy metals, organic pollutants and pathogens in stormwater runoff, but the removal of nitrate nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus is not stable. Bioretention facilities remove pollutants mainly through precipitation, filtration, adsorption, ion exchange, plant absorption and biodegradation. The removal of pollutants and reduction of stormwater volume are influenced by plant species, filler composition, depth, hydraulic conductivity and carbon addition. A long drying period will increase the nitrate concentration and setting internal water storage can reduce nitrate concentration. The structural design, operation and maintenance need to be further studied and optimized.

Application of cultivation of Sedum lineare Thunb with biogas residue resources under low temperature condition in North China

LI Guowen, LI Na, LI Jiaxi, ZHANG Lieyu, XI Beidou, LI Caole, LI Wei

2019, 9(1): 103-110. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2019.01.014

Abstract(505) PDF(19124KB)(46)

Abstract:
In order to overcome the difficulties of direct resource utilization resulted from the C/N/P ratio imbalance, poor biochemical degradability and high concentration of TN and TP in anaerobic fermentation biogas residue, and to provide technical support for promoting green roof in the sponge city construction under low temperature environment in northern China, the proportion of sandy soil and biogas residue in the substrate was adjusted to cultivate Sedum lineare Thunb and the growth state observed. The experimental result indicated that the biogas residue reduced the bulk density, lightened the roof loads, increased the porosity of matrix and improved root penetration of Sedum lineare Thunb. In addition, the biogas residue promoted Sedum lineare Thunb growth under low temperature, increased height, coverage, tillering ability and chlorophyll content. The average quality assessment scores were all higher than 6, showing that Sedum lineare Thunb grew normally basically. The best comprehensive quality of Sedum lineare Thunb was reached when the biogas residue to sandy soil ratio for the substrate was 4:5 under medium and low temperatures.

2019 Vol. 9, No. 1

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