环境工程技术学报

2018 Vol.8, No.1

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2018, 8(1): .

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Abstract:

Simulation of impact of future black carbon aerosol emission on regional climate change

CHEN Lirong, ZHENG Huihui, SHI Huading, ZHANG Qiang, GAO Qingxian

2018, 8(1): 1-11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.01.001

Abstract(1205) PDF(8608KB)(221)

Abstract:
Black carbon aerosol is an important component of atmospheric aerosol, which has a strong absorption effect on solar radiation from visible to infrared band, and has great influence on regional climate. Applying the regional climate model RegCM3, with the establishment of an independent black carbon emissions list in 2013 as the base year, the effects of black carbon aerosol emission on the solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere under four scenarios of BB (business as usual), EE, EB and BE in 2030 were simulated, and the climate effects caused by black carbon emissions under different scenarios analyzed. The results show that of the black carbon emissions the four scenarios are in the order of BB>EB>BE>EE. The temperature and rainfall distribution under BB scenario in 2030 are basically in accordance with those in 2013, with no obvious change. The emissions of EB scenario and BE scenario are basically the same, but the focuses of the emission reduction of them are different, resulting in slightly different climate effects. The EE scenario has the maximum emission effort, and the emission is thus reduced to 980 thousand tons, which will cause more significant change of temperature and rainfall compared with the other three scenarios. Under this scenario, when the black carbon emission decreases, the heating effect is reduced and the cooling effect is prominent. Comparing the emissions of BE and EB scenarios, it can be found that the industrial sector has more emission reductions under BE scenario, while the civilian sector has more emission reductions under EB scenario, indicating that the emission control measures can play a larger role in the industrial sector, while the energy structure adjustment measures of the civilian sector is more important.

Development and comparison of atmospheric chemical mechanisms in air quality numerical model

XIAO Wei, HE Youjiang, MENG Fan, XU Jun, LIU Shijie, YANG Xiaoyang

2018, 8(1): 12-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.01.002

Abstract(1395) PDF(776KB)(704)

Abstract:
The atmospheric chemical mechanism is a key component of the air quality numerical model (AQNM), and is an important mean and method for investigating the atmospheric chemical processes. The development of the three simplified chemical mechanisms including the carbon bond mechanism (CBM), the regional atmospheric chemical mechanism (RACM), and the Statewide Air Pollution Research Center mechanism (SAPRC) which are widely used in AQNM were summarized. The comparison of the lump styles, the chemical species and the reactions, as well as the updates and the applications in AQNM of the different chemical mechanisms were presented. The comparisons of the simulation results of the AQNM by using different chemical mechanisms in previous studies were analyzed and summarized, and the reasons of the difference caused by the different chemical mechanisms used in the AQNM discussed. Additionally, the suggestion of the selection and application of the chemical mechanisms in AQNM research was proposed.

Preparation of Pt nanoparticles modified activated carbon and its applications

LUO Dan, JI Kai, ZHANG Jianpeng, CHEN Sufeng, FENG Yunbo, DENG Jiming

2018, 8(1): 23-27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.01.003

Abstract(866) PDF(1203KB)(347)

Abstract:
To further enhance the adsorption properties of activated carbon (AC), platinum was planted on the surface of AC to enhance its catalytic properties. The obtained composite was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After that, two filters were made respectively with unmodified AC and Pt nanoparticles modified AC (PtNPs/AC) as filtration layer, and planted in air purification machine. To further evaluate the adsorption properties of PtNPs/AC, the purification machine was placed in 30 m ³ standard environmental test chamber to study its adsorption ability to TVOC from secondhand smoke. The results showed that the removal efficiency of TVOC was 72.05% by using the filter with unmodified AC, while that of TVOC was 95.63% by using the filter with PtNPs/AC. It was thus indicated that the adsorption properties of AC can be remarkably increased by modification with Pt.

Distribution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of Songhua River

ZHONG Zhen, WANG Haiyan, KONG Xiuqin, YANG Yanyan, LI Li, HANG Qianyu

2018, 8(1): 28-38. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.01.004

Abstract(1420) PDF(1163KB)(301)

Abstract:
The distribution characteristics of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr and As of 16 surface sediment samples from the Songhua River mainstream in September 2016 were studied. The pollution sources were investigated by factor analysis method, and the pollution level and ecological risk of these heavy metals in different river sections were assessed by geo-accumulation index and potential ecological risk index. The results showed that the total concentration of these heavy metals in the sample ranged from 43.46 to 311.23 mg/kg, which originated similarly from the mixed industrial, agricultural and domestic pollution in different mainstream sections. In the Nenjiang River mainstream and the Songhua River mainstream, the pollution level sequence was As>Pb>Cd>Cr>Cu>Zn, and in the Ersong River mainstream, the pollution level was As>Pb>Cd>Cr=Zn>Cu. The pollution level of As>Pb>Cd>Cr was observed in all sampled streams. In the sediments of the Nenjiang River, Ersong River and Songhua River mainstreams, the potential ecological risk sequence was As>Cd>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn, and the potential ecological risk indexes were 46.5-209.2, 144.9-221.3 and 132.4-591.9 for the three river mainstreams, which means low, middle and middle potential ecological risk respectively.

A review of analytical methods and pollution characteristics of phthalic acid esters in sediments

ZHAO Zhuanjun, YANG Yanyan, WANG Haiyan, ZHONG Zhen, LI Li, HANG Qianyu

2018, 8(1): 39-50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.01.005

Abstract(1067) PDF(563KB)(292)

Abstract:
The analytical methods and pollution characteristics of phthalic acid esters(PAEs) in sediments of water bodies both at home and abroad were reviewed. The pretreatment methods, including Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound extraction, microwave assisted extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, passive sampling techniques, etc., two clean-up methods, i.e. column chromatography, and solid phase extraction, and several instrumental analysis methods, including gas chromatography, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography were illustrated extensively, and their advantages and disadvantages compared. The analysis could provide the references for more efficient PAEs extraction and analysis. Also, the PAEs pollution characteristics of river and lake sediment both at home and abroad in recent years were summarized. Compared with Europe, the United States and other developed countries, China's PAEs pollution in sediments was more seriously, which had the higher potential ecological risk, and the main pollutants were DBP, DEHP, etc.

Pollution source apportionment and control countermeasure of total phosphorus in Chongqing segment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

YIN Zhenzhen, ZHAO Li, PENG Yu, ZHANG Yun

2018, 8(1): 51-57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.01.006

Abstract(974) PDF(1536KB)(418)

Abstract:
The monitoring data from 2001 to 2015 were analyzed in order to understand the trend of TP concentrations at the exit and entry section in Chongqing segment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Based on the investigation of pollution sources and flux calculation, the input and output balance of TP load was established in Chongqing segment,and the main sources were judged. Results showed that TP concentrations in Zhutuo section and Peishi section both were rising from 2001 to 2015. TP loads in Chongqing segment mainly originate from the input load of the Yangtze River and the Wujiang River. TP loads from pollution sources account for 12% of output load at Peishi section. In order to guarantee the water quality safety in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and to efficiently control TP concentration, it is imperative to promote comprehensive water quality management in this watershed and develop joint pollution prevention and control strategies among all provinces along the upstream and downstream.

Quantitative evaluation of cadmium pollution source intensity in groundwater from landfill leachate

ZHU Chaowei, GUO Yanfei, YANG Yang, LI Xiang, LI Mingxiao, LI Juan, WANG Qiongyang

2018, 8(1): 58-64. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.01.007

Abstract(860) PDF(1630KB)(383)

Abstract:
A landfill site was selected as research area to build a quantitative evaluation model for the pollution source intensity of the groundwater based on process simulation. This model was applied for landfill leachate to evaluate the pollution source intensity of cadmium in groundwater. Based on the study on the medium in unsaturated zone located in the research area and using the quantitative evaluation model of process simulation, several assumptions were proposed in relation to the reduction of cadmium in the unsaturated zone. The reduction function was then produced, based on which the quantitative evaluation method was developed for pollution source intensity in groundwater, and the reduction model correspondingly established. This model was applied to the research area, and the results showed that when the initial concentration of Cd in the leachate was 0.05 mg/L, the effective vadose zone was 13 m, the cadmium reduction was calculated at 0.013 and the entrance groundwater concentration was 5.13×10 ^-4 mg/L, after continuous penetration via 15.4 years. The simulated cadmium concentrations were consistent with the survey concentrations of this landfill groundwater. As the simulation result is comparatively fit with the monitoring result, the reliability of this evaluation model is verified.

Risk assessment of rivers into the sea and seashores in Liaoning Province

WU Jian, GUO Fei

2018, 8(1): 65-70. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.01.008

Abstract(1106) PDF(1997KB)(266)

Abstract:
Rivers are one of the main pollutants sources of seashores and influence the water environmental quality in the north China Sea significantly. However, just a few rivers into the sea are covered by routine monitoring in Liaoning Province. Therefore, a total of rivers in the sea along the coast of Liaoning Province were investigated and sampled and analyzed one by one. In combination with the routine monitoring data of the seashore sites which were the nearest to the estuary, the water quality of rivers into the sea and their influence on the seashores were analyzed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. At the same time, the risk assessment of typical heavy metals (Pb and Hg) was carried out. The results showed that the concentration of pollutants of rivers into the sea is much higher than that of the seashores, which should be a threat to the water safety of the seashores. The ecological risks of Hg in the seashores of Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea were mainly at no risk and low risk, while the rivers into Bohai Sea were at medium risk, basically distributed in the rivers into Bohai Sea. The ecological risks of Pb in Huanghai seashores and the corresponding rivers were at no risk, but Liaodong Bay and the corresponding rivers were at medium-high risk. Therefore, the management for pollutants into the rivers should be strengthened to improve the water quality of the seashores, especially for organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus into Bohai seashores. The focuses should be on the control of domestic wastewater and agricultural non-point pollution, so as to improve the water quality of the seashores.

Effects of different renewal rates on continuous domestic wastewater treatment by Chlorella zofingiensis

LIU Yixuan, JIANG Yuanyuan, MEI Hong, WAN Duanji, YU Pan

2018, 8(1): 71-77. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.01.009

Abstract(728) PDF(1586KB)(304)

Abstract:
In order to optimize the condition of continuous domestic wastewater treatment by Chlorella zofingiensis (C. zofingiensis) and to improve the treatment efficiency, the effects of different renewal rates on the treatment efficiency were studied. Six different renewal rates (0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.50, 0.60 and 0.70 d ^-1) were set for the experiment using C. zofingiensis to continuously treat domestic wastewater in the column photo bio-reactor. Through the experiments, the parabolic regression curve of the renewal rate, the cell yield, nitrogen and phosphorus consumption rate were established to find the optimal range of renewal rate. The results showed that the renewal rate had significant effects on the growth of C. zofingiensis and the treatment of pollutants. During the continuous reaction, with the increase of renewal rate, the algal cells concentration at steady state decreased gradually, while the effluent nutrients concentration increased. There is a parabolic regression relationship, between the renewal rate (x) and the cell yield (P) respectively, the nitrogen consumption rate (y₁), the phosphorus consumption rate (y₂) :P=-1.179(x-0.45) ²+0.026(x-0.45)+0.239(R ²=0.990 9), y₁=-66.79(x-0.45) ²+2.55(x-0.45)+10.26(R ²=0.936 7), y₂=-19(x-0.45) ²+1.963(x-0.45)+2.913(R ²=0.924 5). The determination coefficient R ² of three curves is high, and the extreme values are all 0.45 d ^-1 which can be considered as the optimal renewal rate.

Effects of substrates on growth of Ottelia acuminate in simulated low-pollution water

XIE Haibo, FENG Kexin, HOU Zeying, YE Bibi, ZHOU Enhui, CHU Zhaosheng, YANG Yongzhe

2018, 8(1): 78-85. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.01.010

Abstract(779) PDF(2241KB)(281)

Abstract:
Five substrates, including gravel, sandy soil, red soil, purple soil and paddy soil, were used to study the effects of the substrates on Ottelia acuminate seed germination, seedling growth, yield and water quality of with the pilot scale test. The results showed that the rate of seed germination was 74.25% in the red soil and 73.68% in the paddy soil, respectively, which was high than that in sandy soil and purple soil. The growth conditions results showed that paddy soil and purple soil were more favorable to the growth of Ottelia acuminate seedlings than the three substrates. The cumulative results showed that the total number of flowering flowers in purple soil was 22, the number of stem was 32/m ², and the weight of stem was 145.10 g. The total weight of the stems was followed by paddy soil (117.60 g). The removal results showed that under the five substrates the Ottelia acuminate economic wetland had good effect on N$H_{4}^{+}$-N、N$O_{3}^{-}-N and TN removal, while red soil had good effect on TP removal and paddy soil had poor effect.

Simulation of purification effect of Hydrilla verticillata of different planting densities in urban rivers

SHAO Xiazhen, WU Shuying, WANG Ying

2018, 8(1): 86-91. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.01.011

Abstract(710) PDF(1423KB)(289)

Abstract:
Under the moving water condition with low water flow of 1.74 cm/s, three planting densities of Hydrilla verticillata were set, including 0.9(ρ1) and 1.9(ρ2) and 3.0/dm ² (ρ3), respectively. The purification effect of different planting densities of Hydrilla verticillata for urban river water was simulated. The results showed that compared with ρ1 experimental group and ρ3 experimental group, the ρ2 experimental group had the superiority in purification of NH₃-N, COD_Cr and TP, with the average removal rate of 87.79%, 67.43% and 82.48%. According to the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water(GB 3838-2002), after the experiment, the original surface water was purified from Classification Ⅴ to Classification Ⅲ. It was demonstrated that the Hydrilla verticillata with planting density of 1.9/dm ² had better purification effect, under the low water flow condition.

Research on silicon and aluminum impurity removal from waste polishing powder

PAN Yueyi, YANG Yufei, HUANG Qifei, YANG Jinzhong, ZHANG Jing, HU Shuanglin

2018, 8(1): 92-97. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.01.012

Abstract(806) PDF(1063KB)(337)

Abstract:
In order to recover rare earth efficiently from waste polishing powder, it is necessary to remove the silicon and aluminum impurities firstly. The removal of these impurities from the waste polishing powder by NaOH solution was investigated. The effects of alkali ratio (mass ratio of alkali to waste polishing powder), leaching time, leaching temperature and NaOH concentration were studied. As the results illustrate, alkali ratio and leaching time exert greater effects on the removal rate of silicon and aluminum impurities. When the waste polishing powder was leached under the conditions of alkali ratio of 1.0, 90 min, 90 ℃ and NaOH solution concentration of 1.00 mol/L, the leaching efficiency of silicon and aluminum was as high as about 95.37% and 97.93%, respectively.

Research on cobalt and vanadium leaching toxicity reduction of dumped sludge from heterogenite hydrometallurgy process

GUO Qiusong, LIU Zhiqiang, ZHU Wei, ZHANG Kuifang

2018, 8(1): 98-103. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.01.013

Abstract(773) PDF(1279KB)(405)

Abstract:
In order to reduced cobalt and vanadium leaching toxicity of dumped sludge in heterogenite hydrometallurgy process, the electric-assistant acid leaching process was investigated. The influence of the electric-assistant acid leaching time, liquid-solid ratio, sulfuric acid concentration and electric current density on decreasing leaching toxicity was studied intensively. The results shows that under the condition of electric-assistant leaching time 120 min, sulfuric acid concentration 600 mg/L, liquid-solid ratio 10:1(mL/g) and electric current density 200 A/m ², the leaching toxicity of heavy metals such as cobalt, vanadium, copper, manganese and nickel has reduced obviously. After treatment by horizontal vibration method and sulphuric acid and nitric acid method, the cobalt leaching toxicity decreased by 99.1% and 98.8%, while the vanadium leaching toxicity decreased by 91.7% and 95.1% respectively. Therefore, the leaching toxicity of dumped sludge from heterogenite hydrometallurgy process was reduced efficiently, and the valuable elements were recovered and utilized successfully.

Engineering application of heap elution process to deal with cyanide pollution oil

QIU Sha, CHEN Zhiguo, GUO Pengzhi, SHEN Jiuzhou

2018, 8(1): 104-108. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.01.014

Abstract(798) PDF(1085KB)(448)

Abstract:
The heap elution process was used to treat cyanide pollution soil, and industry experiment was finished. Results showed that after 45 days of washing, cyanide content in the soil can be reduced from 114.30 mg/kg to 5.57 mg/kg, reaching the risk screening guideline value of less than 9.86 mg/kg. The cyanide leaching toxicity of the soil was 0.017 mg/L, reached Class Ⅳ of Groundwater Environment Quality Standard (GB 14848-93). At the same time, alkaline water washing can remove part of organic matter in the soil. The alkaline chlorine oxidation method was adopted to detoxicate the wastewater. Finally, the concentration of cyanide in wastewater was 0.05 mg/L, COD was 30.52 mg/L, chlorine concentration was 0.06 mg/L, and the concentration of heavy metals was low, all meeting the emission limit in Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996). Eventually the wastewater can be discharged directly.

Application and progress on pyrophyllite in environmental pollution treatment

ZHANG Wei

2018, 8(1): 109-116. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-991X.2018.01.015

Abstract(834) PDF(789KB)(590)

Abstract:
Pyrophyllite, a natural clay mineral with the adsorption activity, is a kind of adsorbent with development potential in treatment of environmental pollution. The adsorption mechanism of pyrophyllite was reviewed, and the effect of pyrophyllite adsorption on organic pollutants of phenol, dye, humic acid, bacteriophage and inorganic pollutants of cyanide, fluoride, heavy metals, toxic metal, radionuclide in waste water discussed. It is shown that the removal rate of natural pyrophyllite for some organic pollutants in industrial waste water is low, but modified pyrophyllite can significantly improve the adsorption of organic pollutants. Pyrophyllite can be used as a kind of adsorption material to remove viruses, bacteria and other toxic substances. At present, pyrophyllite is mainly applied in the treatment of water pollution, but lacks in application on the waste gas treatment and waste solid treatment, leaving great potential for further development. The adsorption effect, the best adsorption conditions and the adsorption mechanism need to be studied further.

2018 Vol. 8, No. 1

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